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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
CHAPTER 14
Sport and the Mass Media
Section 1: Sports as a Social Institution
Section 2: Perspectives & Issues: Sports
Section 3: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Section 4: Perspectives & Issues: Mass Media
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Sections 1 & 2: Science as a Social Institution
Objectives:
 How do sociologists define sport as an
institution?
 What factors have contributed to the
institutionalization of sport?
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
The Institution of Sport
 Sport is defined as any competitive game that
involves physical activity and is played
according to specific rules
 Sport emerged as a recognizable part of human
culture in prehistoric times
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
Sociological Perspectives & Sport
 Functionalist:
 Sport encourages social integration—shared values
 Sport Reinforces important social norms & values
 Sport provides an acceptable outlet for stress &
aggression
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
Sociological Perspectives & Sport (cont.)
 Conflict Perspective:
 Focused on how sports reflect social inequalities
 Believes that sports are used to maintain inequality
in society
 Says that it serves to distract people from misery—
gets them to believe that things aren’t out of reach
 Claim that sports legitimize violence & oppression
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
Sociological Perspectives & Sport (cont.)
 Interactionist:
 Look for the symbolism in sports
 Find the inspirational qualities of sports in society
 Look at how sports heroes are treated by society
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
Issues in American Sport
 Race & Ethnicity:
 Impacts racial tensions/inequality—common experience
 Can be a source of unity, stereotypes, & prejudice
 Gender:
 Gender equity in sports is now mandated by govt.
 Physical equity/inequity is demonstrated in sport
 Deviance—Does sport encourage or discourage
deviant behavior?
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Sections 3 & 4: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Objectives:
 Trace the major developments in the history of
mass media, and identify the types of mass
media in the United States.
 Explain how the sociological perspectives of
mass media differ.
 Discuss some contemporary mass-media
issues.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
History of Mass Media
 Writing and Paper – a written language was
needed to record business and other
transactions. Paper was developed some time
between 3100 and 2500 B.C.
 Printing Press – during the 1450s Johannes
Gutenberg developed moveable type
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
History of Mass Media
(continued)
 The Industrial Age – with rising standards of
education and increasing requirements for
factory work and life in the city, more people
learned to read and write
 The Computer and the Information Society –
the digital computer completely transformed
the way people store and access information
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Types of Mass Media
 Print Media –include newspapers, magazines,
and books
 Audio Media – sound recordings and radio
 Visual Media – movies, television,
videocassettes, and DVDs
 Online Media – Internet
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Sociological Perspectives of Mass Media
 The Functionalist Perspective – focuses on the
ways in which mass media help to preserve
social stability
 The Conflict Perspective – focuses on how
mass media serve to maintain the existing
social order
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Contemporary Mass Media Issues
 Influence on children
 Effect on civic and social life
 Power in shaping public opinion
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON