Download Chapter 13 Probability and Data Analysis

Chapter 13 Probability and Data
Analysis
13.1 Probabilities and Odds
• Vocabulary: outcome, event, sample space,
probability, odds
• What is probability???
13.1 Continued
• You flip 3 coins. How many possible outcomes
are in the sample space? List the possible
outcomes.
• You roll a dice three times. How many possible
outcomes are in the sample space?
Odds versus probability
• Odds = favorable/ unfavorable
• Probability = favorable/ total outcomes
• A study indicates that out of every 60
telephone calls, 6 result in busy signals and 12
result in no answer. What are the odds in
favor of someone answering?
• What are the odds in favor of a busy signal?
13.2 Permutations
• Vocabulary: permutation, factorial
• How many permutations can be formed using the
letters in the word DOG?
• In how many ways can you arrange the letters in the
word BEAR?
• A garage door has a keypad with 10 different digits. A
sequence of 4 digits must be selected to open the door.
How many keypad codes are possible?
• There are 12 members on a committee. You want to
choose a president, vice-president, and treasurer. In
how many ways can you choose the officers?
13.3 Combinations
• Vocabulary: Combination
• You have three seashells. How many different
combinations of two seashells can you make?
• You order a pizza at a restaurant. You can choose
3 toppings from a list of 12. How many
combinations of toppings are possible?
• A committee must award three students out of
15 students with scholarships. What is the
probability that you and your two best friends are
awarded the scholarships?
13.4 Compound Events
• Vocabulary: compound event, mutually
exclusive events, overlapping events,
independent events, dependent events
1) Find the probability of A or B. You roll a
number cube. Find the probability that you
roll a 4 or a prime number. Rolling a 4 and
rolling a prime number are mutually exclusive
events because 4 is not a prime number.
13.4 Continued
• You roll a number cube. Find the probability
that you roll an even number or a number
greater than 3. These are overlapping events.
13.4 continued
• Find the probability of A and B. You roll two
number cubes. What is the probability that you
roll a 1 first and a 2 second?
• The events are _____________
• You and a friend must each select a golf ball from
a bucket to play miniature golf. There are 3 yellow
balls, 4 red balls, 5 green balls, and 4 purple balls.
You select a golf ball, and then your friend selects
a golf ball. What is the probability that both balls
are green.
• The events are _______________
13. 5 Analyze Surveys and Samples
• Vocabulary: Survey, population, sample, biased sample, biased
question
Sampling Methods:
In a random sample, every member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected.
In a stratified random sample, the population is divided into distinct
groups. Members are selected at random from each group
In a systematic sample, a rule is used to select members of the
population.
In a convenience sample, only members of the population who are
easily accessible are selected.
In a self-selected sample, members of the population select
themselves by volunteering.
Examples
• A high school is conducting a survey to
determine the average number of hours that
their students spend doing homework each
week. At the school, only the members of the
sophomore class are chosen to complete the
survey. Identify the population and classify the
sampling method.
Biased Questions
Tell whether the question is potentially biased.
Explain your answer. If the question is
potentially biased, rewrite it so that it is not.
• Do you still support the school basketball
team, even though the team is having its
worst season in 5 years?
• Don’t you think that dogs are better pets than
cats?
13.6 Measures of Central Tendency
and Dispersion
• Vocabulary: measure of dispersion, range,
mean absolute deviation
• Mean, median, mode= measures of central
tendency
• Example: Your last 8 test scores are 81, 87, 91,
93, 95, 98, 100. Find the mean, median,
mode.
• Measures of dispersion: range, mean absolute
deviation
• The 9-hole scores of golfers on two different
high school teams are given. Compare the
spread of the data sets using the range and
the mean absolute deviation.
Team 1: 51, 46, 40, 49, 55, 47
Team 2: 41, 47, 54, 50, 42, 42
13.7 Interpret Steam and Leaf Plots
and Histograms
• Vocabulary: stem-and-leaf plot, frequency,
frequency table, histogram
• A survey asked people how many miles they
commute to work. The results are listed
below. Make a stem-and-leaf plot of the data.
5, 10, 18, 15, 9, 27, 10, 35, 12, 4, 8, 14, 23, 2, 20,
5, 15
• The birth weight (in ounces) of babies born at
a hospital are listed below. Make a histogram
of the data.
96, 128, 115, 120, 107, 125, 136, 122, 131, 112,
110
13.8 Interpret Box-and-Whisker Plots
• Vocabulary: box-and-whisker plot, quartile,
interquartile range, outlier
• Make a box-and-whisker plot of the heights (in
inches) of 7 family members: 34, 67, 70, 62,
46, 75, 54
• Identify an outlier: The average monthly high
temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) in
Atlanta are: 52, 57, 65, 73, 80, 87, 89, 88, 82,
73, 63, 55