Download digestive system

Consist of two parts:
• Digestive canal
( Gastrointestinal tract)
• Accessory
( associated gland)
-salivary glands
-liver
-gall bladder
-pancreas
Digestive system : tube from the oral cavity ~> pharynx
~> oesophagus ~> stomach (open in small intestine )~>
large intestine ~>anus ( annal canal )
The roles of this
system :
• ingestion
• Absorption
• Waste disposal
The digestive system start from
the mouth ( on the face ) , the
lips are accessory ( no role in
digestion )
- First part of the mouth oral
fissure(which consist of lips )
-
and when opining the mouth
we have oral cavity
- Any thing associate with mouth
called oral
The oral cavity
separate from nasal
cavity by :
• Hard palate
• Soft palate
• Uvula
They composed of
(bone + tissue )
Oral cavity surround by
mucous membrane
Roof (superior ) : hard palate
Floor : tongue
Lateral side : check ( muscle
+connective tissue + skin )
‫الخدود ومن ماذا تتكون‬
The 3 frenulum part :
Superior labial frenulum
(attach the lip with maxilla)
Inferior labial frenulum
(attach the lip with mandible)
Lingual frenulum
(attach the tongue to down ,
Some time it has defect in
babies
‫وجزء من الخاليا بصيريلها‬
Death to separate the tongue
from oral cavity )
All of them are folding in mucose
membrane
Oral cavity consist of 3 type of
gland
Sublingual gland ( ‫تحت اللسان‬
Submandibular gland
Parotde gland
Produce saliva
that brake the
simple
carbohydrates
down
Like we said the tongue attach to oral
cavity by Lingual frenulum
• Muscular organ (consist of large
amount of muscle in all direction ) , 3
type of muscle :
• Skeletal (voluntary , Ex tongue )
• Smooth (involuntary, EX wall of
digestive and respiratory tract an
wall of blood vessel )
• Cardiac muscle (involuntary for sure
)
• Against the stomach and esophagus
(linear muscle )
Ventral
Parts :
• Dorsal part : rough ,
thick ,because contain
test bods (papillae ) ,
covering by stratified
squamous epithelial of
non keratinize
• Ventral part : smooth
thin
Dorsal
Dorsal part
We can separate the tongue
• Anterior (body) form 2/3 of tongue <oral part >
• Posterior (base , root ) < pharyngeal part >
• Between them v shaped groove called ( sulcus terminal )
• Foramen cecum : when formation of thyroid gland it was open
Sulcus terminal
Foramen
cecum
Dorsum
Contain the papilla < some cover by keratinized epithelial>
• 3 type of papillae :
• Filiform (in lateral side )
• Fungiform (in lateral and dorsal )( ‫الدوائر الحمر اللي بنشوفم‬
‫عاللسان‬
• Circumvallate )v shaped , 12 in number , ( anterior part
of sulcus terminals ) > bitter Taste )‫)الطعم المر‬
• The papilla just in anterior 2/3
Ventral part :
• Smooth ( thin )
• Highly vascular ( high blood supply ) , 8 blood vessel ( 4 of each
side ) , highly absorption ( ‫عشان هيك في ادويه خصوصا لتحت اللسان النو الها‬
) ‫قدره عاليه على االمتصاص‬
• Hypoglossal nerve (XII (12) from cranial
After the oral cavity the pharynx ( oropharynx
which contain epiglottis
• Esophagus (25 cm from C6 – T10 , 1 cm
below the diaphragm )
(Esophageal hiatus: ‫الجزء اللي بيخترق فيه المرئ‬
‫الحجاب الحاجز‬
• Pass through 3 regain ( cervical , thoracic ,
abdominal )
If we take a cross section of the esophagus the wall surround by 4 layer :
• Mucosa ( epithelial + connective tissue ) , the epithelial is stratified squamous non
keratinized and loose connective tissue
• Sub mucosa
• Musculoza (muscle layer divide in 3 parts :
• Upper third ~> skeletal muscle
• Middle third ~> mixed of smooth and skeletal
• Lower third ~> smooth muscle
• Inner part of all of them circular (to contract )
but the outer longitudinal
• Serosa ( only loose connective tissue
no epithelium)
• We have upper and lower sphincter
(anatomical we cant see them )
Dilated part of digestive tract ( J shape ) , digestion process occur in it ,
start from lower sphincter of esophagus , on the left side , first part is
cardia , the opening of stomach called cardiac orifices , the 3 part of
stomach :
• Fundus ( ‫)بتجمع فيه الغازات‬
• Body
• Pyloric region (funnel
shape ) pyloric canal and
Pyloric orifice
• See the concave and
convex (lesser curvature
and Greater curvature )
• Angular notch in lesser
Curvature
• Lumen of the stomach Contain folding temporary (rugae ) appears just when
Stomach empty and permanent gastric canal in Lesser curvature
‫مالحظه ان قرحه المعده عاده تكون في‬
Angular notch
• The cross section 4 layer :
• Mucosa ( epithelial + loose connective tissue ) , covering by simple columnar
non ciliated with goblet cell
• Sub mucosa
•
1.
2.
3.
Musculoza ( 3 smooth muscle )
Circular
Oblique
longitudinal
• Serosa (mesothelium )
By Noor hamdan