Download B - ISpatula

SHOULDER GIRDLE:
Is made of 1- clavicle
2- scapula
1-Clavicle ‫عظم الترقوة‬
It has two ends:
A-acromial (lateral)
B-sternal (medial)
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‫هام‬
2- scapula
It has :
A-acromion process
B-coracoid process
C-glenoid cavity
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‫هام‬
1
The bones of the upper limbs
2
3
4
5
6
1-The bone of the arm
THE HUMERUS BONE
Long bone ?
A
A-Upper end
B-Lower end
C- shaft
Upper end
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It has the following parts:
a-head
b- anatomical neck
c- surgical neck
d-greater tubercle
e- lesser tubercle
Lower end
a- medial epicondyle
b- lateral epicondyle
c-capitulum
d- trochlea
C
B
2-Bones of the forearm
A- The ulna (MEDIAL)
B- The radius(LATERAL)
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A- The ulna (MEDIAL)
Long bone ?
A
A-Upper end
B-Lower end
C- shaft
Upper end
1- Olecranon
2- Trochlear notch
3-Coronoid process
4- Ulnar tuberosity
C
LOWER end
1-Head of ulna
B
2- Styloid Process
Head of ulna
Styloid Process
B- The Radius(LATERAL)
Long bone ?
A-Upper end
B-Lower end
C- shaft
A
Upper end
1- Head
2- Neck
3- Radial tuberosity
C
B
Lower End
1- Styloid Process
Styloid Process
The skeleton of the hand
A-Carpal bones
Arranged into two rows:
Proximal
Distal
Proximal row
From lateral to medial
when viewed from anteriorly
1-Scaphoid, the boat-shaped
2- Lunate, 'crescent shape'
3-Triquetrum, the three-sided
4- Pisiform, the pea-shaped
Distal row
From lateral to medial and when viewed
from anteriorly, consists of:
5-Trapezium the irregular four-sided
6-Trapezoid
7- Capitate, which has a head
8-Hamate, which has a hook
METACARPAL BONES
PHALANGES
Hip bone is made of:
1-The ilium
2-The ischium
3-The pubis
They meet one another
triradiate
cartilage at the
Posterior view of the hip bone
Just for general
knowledge
by means of
Remember that
Acetabulum and
cartilaginous union
of the inferior ramus of the pubis
with the ramus
Near the age of 17 the
Triradiate cartilage will be
replaced by bony union
of the ischium.
X-ray?
cartilaginous union
Lateral surface of the right hip bone
1Iliac creast
Anterior superior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Ischial spine
32-
Ischial tuberosity
The hip bones articulate with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints posteriorly while
anteriorly they articulate with one another at the symphysis pubis.
sacroiliac joints
hip bone
sacrum
symphysis pubis
femur
Left femur (anterior view)
head of femur
greater trochanter
Long bone ?
neck
Upper end Lesser trochanter
Lower end
And a shaft
Shaft or body
lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Medial condyle
lateral condyle
Left femur (posterior view)
greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
linea aspera
lateral condyle
medial condyle
Patella
Triangular sesamoid bone
Contained within patellar ligament
Lateral
condyle
Medial
condyle
Right Tibia
Anterior view
Tuberosity
Of Tibia
Upper end
Medial surface
Lateral surface
Anterior border
shin tibia
Lower end
Medial malleolus
Head
Neck
Right fibula- anterior view
Lateral malleolus
Distal phalanx
First metatarsal
bone
Middle phalanx
Proximal phalanx
Medial cuneiform bone
Fifth metatarsal
bone
Intermediate cuneiform bone
Lateral cuneiform bone
Navicular bone
Cuboid bone
Talus bone
Calcaneus
Bones of the right foot
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Arches of the Foot
The bones of the foot are arranged in two
arches that are held in position
by ligaments and tendons
The arches provide an ideal
distribution of body weight over the
soft and hard tissues of the foot
body weight
100%
50%
On the
right side
50%
On the
left side
Normally, the ball of the foot
carries about 40% of the weight and
the heel carries about 60%.
Usually, the arches are fully
developed by age 12 or 13.
20%
The ball of the foot
30%
The heel
A- longitudinal arch
1-The medial Longitudinal arch
2-The lateral longitudinal arch
B-The transverse arch
1
3
2
1-The medial Longitudinal arch
Made of:
a-Calcaneus
b-Talus
c-Navicular,
d-The three cuneiforms,
e- The heads of the three
medial metatarsals.
2-The lateral longitudinal arch
a-Calcaneus
b- Cuboid
c-The heads of the two
lateral metatarsals
B-The transverse arch
is formed by:
1-The navicular
2-Three cuneiforms
3-The bases of the five
metatarsals.
Flat foot
Is a condition in which the medial longitudinal
arch is depressed or collapsed.
As a result,
The the talus is no longer supported and the
body weight forces it downward and medially
between the calcaneum and the navicular bone
Fallen arches may lead to inflammation of the
fascia of the sole stress fractures …
The causes of flat foot are both congenital and
acquired
Just for reading
When a person wears high-heeled shoes,
however, the distribution
of weight changes so that the ball of the foot
may carry up to 80%
and the heel 20%. As a result, the fat pads at
the ball of the foot are damaged,
joint pain develops, and structural changes in
bones may occur.