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introduces the characters, setting and conflict. This is where the author tells the audience who is going to be in the story, where the story is taking place and what the main characters may be facing. this is the first major event that “gets the plot moving” Where does this fit on our diagram? these are the incidents or plot points that lead up to the climax. this is the most interesting part of the story because the main character is forced to face the major conflict. leads to the resolution and is the “tying up of loose ends” is the portion of the story where the major problem is solved. It comes after the climax and falling action and is intended to bring the story to a satisfactory, but believable, end. Stories that end with things like: “I woke up and it was all a dream” are, generally, not satisfying because the ending is not creative or suitable. Unless very well written the “dream” ending shows that a writer just wanted to stop writing. There is four main types of characters › Static: a character who does not change during the story. › Dynamic: a character who undergoes a change during the story. › Flat: a one-sided character › Round: a character with many sides to his personality. Protagonist: is the main character of the story. HE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE THE “GOOD GUY”. Protagonists can be evil, bad, or malicious. Freddy Krueger is not a good guy, but he is the protagonist. Antagonist: is the opposition of the protagonist. THE ANTAGONIST DOES NOT HAVE TO BE A LIVING BEING. The antagonist in The Perfect Storm was the weather. The antagonist may take many forms: another person, a force of nature, a situation, fate, society, or the protagonist himself. Irony is when we expect one thing but the opposite occurs. situational: depends a great deal on surprise. Typically in cases of situational irony, the unexpected happens. › An example would be a man who takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool." verbal: when we say one thing but really mean another. Sarcasm is a form of verbal irony. › "The cake is as soft as concrete" - the person wants to tell that the cake is not so soft to eat. › "Water is as clear as mud" - The person actually says that the water is not at all clear. › "Isn't it as pleasant as a root canal?" - This implies that whatever occurred was not pleasant at all. Dramatic irony: when the audience knows what is happening before the characters do. › For example, many horror movies utilize dramatic irony. We know that the actor or actress should not walk into the abandoned house, but they do. › Or, In the movie “There’s Something about Mary”, Ted thinks he's been arrested for picking up a hitchhiker while the audience knows he's being questioned by police about a murder, otherwise innocuous lines he delivers, such as 'I've done it several times before' and 'It's no big deal,' A problem /complication exists in ever short story and this creates conflict. The conflict can be internal or external. It is the conflict that creates the tension in the story. person vs. person: the protagonist opposes another character. person vs. nature: the protagonist opposes something in the natural environment. person vs. society: when the protagonist must overcome an element of society and the accepted way of doing person vs. self: when the protagonist must overcome something within her/himself, when the character is mentally torn in two different directions. It is possible for a protagonist to experience more than one type of conflict in a short story. By the end of the story, the character either fails or succeeds in solving her/his problem. When the conflict is solved, it is called a resolution. 1st Person – One of the characters is telling the story EX. “I went to the store.” 2nd Person – Rarely used; when the writer is giving direct instruction to the reader. EX. “You went to the store.” 3rd Person – When someone outside the story is narrating. › EX. “He/Bill went to the store.” There are 3 types of Third Person Narration: Unlimited Omniscient – Narrator can read the minds of the characters. Limited Omniscient – Narrator can read the mind of ONE character. Objective View – Like a camera, the narrator can write about what the characters do, but not what they think