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AP World History Chapter 32 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 20th Century Mexico and the 20th Century • Mexican Dictator who almost allowed free democratic elections. • Cast his political opponent into jail. Porfirio Diaz • Pancho Villa • Leader of the Northern Resistance • Emiliano Zapata • Leader of the Southern Resistance • “Tierra y Libertad” • “Land and Bread” “It is better to die on you feet than to live on your knees” ~ Zapata • Alvaro Obregon • Ended the Civil War • Used Modern Military Tactics Culture & Politics • • • • -Diego Rivera -Cristeros -PRI -NAFTA Getulio Vargas: Brazil -Admired Mussolini & the Fascist ideas -Imposed a constitution in 1937 -Eventually sided with the Allies in WWII (1942) -Gained important industrial, technological and military aid from the US -Deposed in 1945 but remained in and out of politics till his suicide in 1954 Juan & Eva Peron: Argentina -Populist support -Eva (Evita) was popular among the poor and working classes -Authoritarian regime -Openly admired Hitler & Mussolini but did not join WWII -In and out of politics until his death in 1974 -United Fruit Company & other foreign interests clashed with Guatemala’s new mildly socialist government. -USA backs a rebel force to topple “Communists” 1954 Cuban Revolution Fulgencio Batista Rebel leaders Che Guevara & Fidel Castro Liberation TheologyCatholic Theology Combined with socialist principles. Military DictatorshipsAuthoritarian, ProUSA regimes marked by opposition to Communism but corrupt & oppressive. Salvador Allende Augusto Pinochet Panamanian Dictator Manuel Noriega: US Ally to US Prisoner 1989 Resurgent Democracy 1990s-2000s Lula: Brasil Chavez: Venezuela Morales: Bolivia U.S. Military Interventions, 1898-2000 NAFTA • The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. In terms of combined GDP of its members, as of 2010 the trade bloc is the largest in the world.
