Download vocabulary words to know

NAME:___________________________
Chapter 16 Astronomy Study Guide
asteroid
asteroid belt
comet
ellipse
force
Galilean moons
gas giants
VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW
geocentric system
meteorite
gravity
meteoroid
greenhouse effect
nuclear fusion
heliocentric system
outer planets
inertia
retrograde rotation
inner planets
revolution
meteor
rotation
satellite
solar system
sun
telescope
terrestrial planets
History of astronomy:
 Know chp 16 section 1
 Possible essay/short answer about Galileo and his evidence of the heliocentric theory
COMETS, ASTEROIDS, AND METEORS:
 Describe comets and asteroids and meteoroids; study chp. 16 section 5
 Be able to label the parts of a comet
 Compare and contrast meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites
PLANETS:
 Make a flashcard for each planet. Study chp. 16 sections 3 and 4 and planet video worksheets.
 Know the characteristics of the Inner and Outer Planets
 Know the characteristics of each planet
 Know the Galilean moons
 List the planets in order from the sun
 What keeps a planet in orbit around the sun?
ASTRONOMY EXAM IS _____Wednesday, 2/6____
Review sessions are _Monday, 2/4 and Tuesday, 2/5
7:45-8:23 McIver
7:45-8:23 Simpson
3:30-4:00 Tucker_ 7:45-8:23 Pickett
Flashcards are due __Wednesday, 2/6___
Study Guide due __Monday 2/4__
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam
Describing the Solar System
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions.
Ancient Greek Model
Ptolemy's Geocentric Model
Copernicus' Heliocentric Model
1. What is the main difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of planetary motion?
2. How did Galileo’s observations of Jupiter and Venus support Copernicus’ model? (What did Jupiter’s
moons prove? What did Venus’s phases show?)
3. How do gravity and inertia keep the planets in orbit around the sun?
Building Vocabulary Fill in each blank to complete each statement.
4. The sun-centered system of planets developed by Copernicus is an example of a(n) _______________
system.
5. An object’s _______________ tends to keep a moving object continuing in a straight line and a stationary
object in place.
6. An Earth-centered system of planets is known as a(n) _______________ system.
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam.
Characteristics of the Sun
Understanding Main Ideas Label the diagram of the sun below using the following words.
Chromosphere
core
corona
photosphere
prominence
sunspot
Building Vocabulary Match each term with its description by writing the letter of the correct description on
the line beside the term.
______ 7. solar flare
a. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that makes light
______ 8. core
b. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that has a reddish glow
______ 9. chromosphere
c. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that looks like a halo during an eclipse
______ 10. sunspot
d. areas of gas on the sun that are cooler than the gases around
them
______ 11. corona
e. reddish loops of gas that link parts of sunspot regions
______ 12. nuclear fusion
f. explosions that occur when the loops in sunspot regions suddenly
connect
______ 13. photosphere
g. the center of the sun where nuclear fusion takes place
______ 14. prominence
h. the joining of hydrogen atoms to form helium
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam.
Characteristics of the Inner Planets
Understanding Main Ideas Label the diagram with the names of the inner planets.
1.
Write the name(s) of the
INNER planet or planets the statement describes.
_________________ 5. has a rocky surface
_________________ 6. 70 percent is covered with water
_________________ 7. rotates in the opposite direction from most other planets and moons
_________________ 8. called the “red planet” because of the color of the dust
_________________ 9. has at least one moon
________________ 10. similar to each other in size, density, and internal structure
________________ 11. has almost no atmosphere
________________ 12. atmosphere so heavy and thick that it would crush a human
________________ 13. has a tilted axis so that the planet has seasons
________________ 14. atmosphere has low air pressure and is mostly carbon dioxide
Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of the following terms.
15. terrestrial planets
16. retrograde rotation
17. greenhouse effect
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam.
Characteristics of the Outer Planets
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
1. Label the four outer planets.
___________
___________
___________
___________
2. Why doesn’t the gas on a gas giant escape into space, as it has on Mercury?
3. What other object in the solar system has a composition similar to that of the gas giants?
4. What planet is by far the most massive of all the planets that revolve around the sun?
5. What are Saturn’s rings made of?
6. Why did astronomers know where to look to discover Neptune?
Building Vocabulary Write a definition for the following term in the space provided.
7. gas giant
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam.
Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors
Understanding Main Ideas Complete the following table.
Object
Description
Location/Movement
Asteroid
hh
Comet
Meteoroid
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain what happens to a meteoroid in order for it to become a meteorite.
2. Draw a comet and label these parts of a comet: head, nucleus, coma, tail.
3. How can you tell a meteor from a comet?
Building Vocabulary From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence.
asteroid
meteor
asteroid belt
meteoroid
comet
meteorite
4. When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, friction causes it to burn up and produce a streak of light called
a(n) _______________ .
5. A chunk of ice and dust whose orbit is usually a long narrow ellipse is a(n) _______________.
6. If a meteoroid hits Earth’s surface, it is called a(n) _______________ .
7. An object that revolves around the sun, but is too small to be considered a planet, is a(n) _______________ .
8. A chunk of rock or dust in space that usually comes from a comet or an asteroid is called a(n)
_______________ .
9. The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is known as the _______________.
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam.
Spin Cycles
Step 1: Read
Planets in our solar system are constantly moving. Each planet spins like a globe.
One complete spin is a rotation. Every planet also makes an orbit, or circle, around
the sun. The table below tells how long these movements take. Look over it
carefully.
Note: Measurements are in Earth hours, days, and years.
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Rotation Time
59 Days
243 Days
24 Hours
25 Hours
10 Hours
11 Hours
17 Hours
16 Hours
6 Days
Orbit Time
88 Days
225 Days
365 Days
687 Days
12 Years
29 Years
84 Years
165 Years
248 Years
Step 2: Use the table to decide whether each statement below is true or false.
1.
_________ Pluto’s rotation takes less time than any other.
2.
_________ Venus is the only planet whose rotation takes longer than its orbit.
3.
_________ Mars and Earth take roughly the same time to complete a rotation.
4.
_________ Mars and Earth take roughly the same time to complete an orbit.
5.
_________ Saturn’s orbit takes three times longer than Jupiter’s.
6.
_________ Jupiter can do 20 orbits in less time than Pluto needs for just one.
7.
_________ Pluto’s orbit takes longer than all of the other orbits combined.
8.
_________ Venus’s rotation takes longer than all the other rotations combined.
9.
_________ Four planets do a rotation in less than a single Earth day.
10. _________ Mercury completes three rotations during each orbit.
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam.
Chapter 16 assessment
Use the text book or other worksheets to help you complete each question. For the True/False,
circle the correct answer (T or F). If the answer is False, circle False and write the correct word.
1. Copernicus thought that the solar system was…
a. celestial.
b. elliptical.
c. geocentric.
d. heliocentric.
2. Planets with atmospheres composed mostly of carbon dioxide include…
a. Earth and Mercury.
b. Venus and Mercury. c. Venus and Mars.
3. The Great Red Spot is a huge storm on…
a. Jupiter.
b. Saturn.
c. Neptune.
4. Most asteroids orbit the sun between…
a. the sun and Mercury.
b. Earth and Mars.
d. Mercury and Mars.
d. Pluto.
c. Mars and Jupiter.
d. Jupiter and Saturn.
5. The shape of the orbit of each planet is a(n) circle. TRUE/FALSE
6. Sunspots are regions of cooler gases on the sun. TRUE/FALSE
7. The atmosphere of Venus has higher pressure than the atmosphere of Earth. TRUE/FALSE
8. Aside from the sun, Saturn is the largest source of gravity in the solar system. TRUE/FALSE
For these next set of questions, use a SEPARATE sheet of paper to answer
them on. You do NOT have to answer in complete sentences. DO NOT
SQUEEZE YOUR ANSWERS into the little space given!! Staple your paper
to the back of the study guide.
9. How did Galileo’s observations support the idea of a heliocentric system?
10. Why does Mercury have only a thin atmosphere?
11. How do astronomers explain that Venus rotates in the opposite direction from most planets and moons?
12. Name TWO major ways that the inner/terrestrial planets differ from the gas giants?
13. Which way does a comet’s tail always point (away or towards the sun)?
WHY??
14. How would Earth move if the sun (including its gravity) suddenly disappeared?
Explain!!
15. Explain why Venus is hotter than it would be without its atmosphere?
16. Compare and contrast meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites.
Make flashcards for +5 points on the exam.