Download File - Mr. Harris History

Chapter 3
COLONIAL AMERICA
Section 1
 Roanoke
 1500s English Pirates stealing treasure from Spanish ships
from America to Europe


Many attempts to start English colonies


Sir Francis Drake
By 1584 all had failed
Queen Elizabeth I gave Sir Walter Raleigh right to claim land

Landed in Roanoke Island (North Carolina), called it Virginia
Section 1
 Roanoke
 Sent settlers twice. First arrived in 1585
 John White drew pictures and explored the area



Primary Source
1st Colony did not survive the winter
1587 Raleigh sent men, women, and children to try again

Led by John White, his daughter gave birth to Virginia Dare the
first English born in N.A.
Section 1
 Roanoke
 White went back for supplies


When he returned almost 3 years later he found nothing


Caught up in the Spanish Armada, could not return
Found a tree with the word “Croatoan” on it
 Island 50 miles south
The colonists were never seen again
Section 1
 Jamestown
 Discouraged from settling until 1606


New King James I
King granted a charter to merchants
Formed the Virginia Company
 Shares


144 settlers and 3 ships, landed in the Chesapeake Bay

Called their town Jamestown to honor their king
Section 1
 Jamestown Endures
 No gold/riches
 Hardships


Weather, disease, hunger
Led by Captain John Smith
Made everyone work
 Gained ties from local Powhatan people


Many colonists kept arriving to replace those who had died
Learned to make money for the company
 Growing tobacco
 Winter time known as “the starving time”

Section 1
 More settlers
 The colony of Virginia was expanding
 Relations improved with the tribes after John Rolfe married
the chiefs daughter Pocahontas
 Women sent to Jamestown


Marriage and children became part of life
Giving land away
50 acres to those who could pay their way
 Lured many people to the colony

Section 1
 The Virginia Company
 Gave people the ability to take part in their government
Land owners cast ballots for burgesses
 First legislature in N.A elected by the people


Company growing but not making enough money
1624 King James took away the charter
 Became a Royal colony, directly under control of England

Section 2
 Religious Freedom


First wave looking for wealth
Second looking for religious freedom
England being Protestant since 1534
 Official church was Anglican
 Puritans were protestants who wished to change the Anglican
church, set up own churches known as Separatists
 Puritans were persecuted for their beliefs

 Pilgrims

In 1620 group of Separatists decided to move to America (Pilgrims)
Undertakes on a religious journey
 Allowed to settle in Virginia, aboard the Mayflower
 http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=
PoXHXbgRJvc

Section 2
 Pilgrims
 Sailed off course, decided to settle in Cape Cod Bay

Called the place Plymouth
 Mayflower Compact
 Set up an organized, orderly government


Each person promised to obey the laws
Key step to the development of representative democracy in
America
 Native Help
 First Winter = Half Dead

Illness, Hunger, Cold
Section 2
 Native Help
 Two Natives = Squanto and Samoset befriended the colonists
Taught how to grow corn and beans
 How to hunt and fish
 Might not have survived w/o their help


Helped make peace with the Wampanoag tribe

Included the Indians in 1621 for a fest of Thanksgiving
 New Colonies
 In 1629 the Massachusetts Bay Company led by John
Winthrop got a charter and took 900 settlers to colonize what
is now Boston
 In the 1630s more than 15,000 Puritans moved to
Massachusetts to escape religious persecution, known as the
Great Migration
Section 2
 New Colonies
 People demanded more from their government


Land Owning males allowed to vote for governors
Puritans = Hypocrites
Did not like different views, enforced their religious rules
 Made people move and form new colonies

 Connecticut
 Thomas Hooker
Took his people and moved to form a colony called Connecticut
 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
 First written constitution in America

• Governments fundamental laws
Section 2
 Rhode Island
 Roger Williams
Forced to leave from Massachusetts
 Bought land from the Narragansett tribe
 Founded the town of Providence (religious toleration)
 First place where people could worship freely

 Conflict with Natives
 Spreading out and taking land
 1675 Wampanoag leader Metacomet waged war with the
colonies, known to settlers as King Phillip

War raged on for 14 months, English won, settlement could spread
Section 3
 New York
 New England colonies in the North, Virginia to the south


Capital was New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island


Between the two was under Dutch control, New Netherland
Center of shipping and trade to and from the Americas
Controlled by the Dutch West India Company

Offered land to anyone who could bring 50 workers
 Called Patroons, ruled like Kings
 Becoming NY
 In 1664 the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam

Governor Peter Stuyvesant gave up w/o a fight
Section 3
 NY
 King Charles gave the colony to his brother, Duke of York
Renamed it New York
 Was a proprietary colony, controlled by the owner


Had a diverse population


The first Jews to settle in America
New Amsterdam renamed NYC after population surge
1664- 8,000
 1683- 12,000
 One of the fastest growing places in the colonies

Section 3
 Founding New Jersey
 Duke of York divided his colony
 Gave to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
Land between the Hudson and Delaware river
 Named the other half New Jersey




Offered large tracts of land, religious freedom, and a
representative assembly
Not as busy as New York, no natural ports
By 1702 New Jersey was a royal colony
Section 3
 Pennsylvania (Penn’s Woods)
 Founded by Quakers (protestant group)
 In 1680 by William Penn, owed by the King


Practiced Quaker ideals, Society of Friends



Almost as large as England
All people are equal
Pacifists
Designed the city of Philadelphia (Brotherly Love)


Wrote 1st constitution for state
Believed land belonged to Natives
 Paid them for it
 Delaware
 People from South Pennsylvania allowed to make their own legislature
 Own colony, but under control of Penn. governor
Section 4
 Virginia
 Jamestown helped it grow
 Tobacco crops
Enslaved Africans arrived in 1619
 Criminals and prisoners shipped to Virginia to work
 Free after 7 years of work
 Indentured Servants

 Maryland
 Founded by Sir George Calvert and his sons
 Founded as a safe place for Catholics to practice religion
 Also used enslaved Africans to work on plantations
Section 4
 Mason-Dixon Line
 Pennsylvania and Maryland argues about the borders of their
colonies
 In 1760 they hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map
the boundary

Known as the Mason-Dixon Line
 Persecution
 Maryland welcomed Catholics and Protestants
Outnumbered by protestants
 In 1692 they became a royal colony
 Official Church of England

Section 4
 Rebellion in Virginia
 Governor William Berkeley


Made a deal with Natives, for more land he would stop the further
expansion into more of their territory
Nathaniel Bacon
Moved into the forbidden areas anyways and then blamed the
government for not ridding the Natives
 In 1676 Bacon led attacks on Native American villages (Bacons
Rebellion)
 Tried to drive out Berkeley in Jamestown
 Suddenly fell ill and died
 Showed the government it could not ignore its people

Section 4
 Carolinas
 Carolina is Latin meaning = “Charles Land”
Given by King Charles II
 South of Virginia

 North vs. South
 North = grew tobacco and sold timber and tar, no good ports
 South = grew many crops and used Charlestown harbor
 Rice and Indigo became important crops


Needed more slave labor
Split into N and S in 1729
Section 4
 Georgia


Founded in 1733, last British colony set up in America
By James Oglethorpe


Could block any attack by Spanish Florida



For debtors and poor people to make a fresh start
Savannah was built to stop it
More poor people arrived than planned
People complained about the rules
Limits on land, bans on slaves and rum
 Gave in


Frustrated he gave up the colony to the king in 1751
 150 Years


In North America by the British
Lined the Atlantic Coast with colonies