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Fronts & Clouds • An air mass is a large body of air that has the same moisture and temperature throughout. • A front is the boundary that forms where two different air masses meet. • A front that forms when a warm air mass is trapped between cold air masses and forced to rise is called an occluded front. • A cold front occurs when a cold air mass meets and displaces a warm air mass. • When a warm front and cold front collide, the cold front forces the warm air up. The warm air cools so it cannot hold as much water so it begins to rain. • A cold front causes heavy rain because a cold air mass pushes a warm air mass higher. As the warm air mass rises it cools, it cannot hold as much water. When the air rises, the water vapor in the air condenses and the water becomes heavier and falls to the ground as precipitation. • All clouds are water molecules that condensed from water vapor. • Clouds can form very close to the surface of the earth as fog. • Fog is simply a low stratus cloud. • Rain clouds form when water droplets condense from water vapor in the atmosphere • Nimbus means Precipitation, Rain. • Cirro means Thin, feathery, wispy cloud that is very high and no rain is expected. • Alto means medium altitude. • Strato means Spread Out, forms layers. • Puffy white clouds with flat bottoms are called cumulus. • Thin feathery clouds made of mostly ice are called cirrus. • Large thunderhead clouds that produce precipitation are called Cumulonimbus clouds.