Download Industrial Revolution

Warm-Up
What do you consider to be the greatest invention
in history?
Why?
Chapter 11
The Industrial
Revolution
Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution – factory machines
replaced hand tools, and large-scale
manufacturing replaced farming.
• Inventions of machines made it possible for
unskilled workers to produce items quickly.
• Changed the way goods were produced
• Cottage Industry – making things at
home prior to industrialization
Samuel Slater
• Samuel Slater – sailed to the
United States from Britain
and brought the idea
of machines for making
thread and cloth
Factories
• Factory system –
brought people and
machines together
under one roof
• People left farms and crowded into
cities where factories were.
• Factories needed a source of
power = water
New England states
• The New England states
became a good place to set
up factories - WHY??
• Factories needed water for power – New
England had many fast moving rivers
• Transporting goods – easy access to the
ocean for ships
• No farming – people here were looking for
jobs and willing to work
Children work
• Many workers in factories were
women and children
• Children could often produce more
cloth, more quickly
• Children as young
as 7 were
common workers
Women work
• Lowell Mills – textile mills in village of
Lowell Massachusetts
• Machines spun raw cotton into yarn
• Mills employed farm girls – Lowell girls
• Girls lived in boarding
houses & worked 12
hour days
Lowell Girls
Eli Whitney
• Interchangeable parts - Eli Whitney
invented machine-made parts that were
exactly alike
• This sped up production
& made repairs easier
• Cheaper for factories to
produce goods
• 1798 – demonstrated to
Congress
Assembly Line Production
• Possible because of advances in technology
• interchangeable parts
• steam powered machinery
• Worker didn’t have to know how to build a
product from start to finish
• good for unskilled workers
• jobs for immigrants
Transportation
• Robert Fulton – invented a
steamboat that could move against
the current or wind
• The Clermont could carry passengers
much easier on water – moved people
and goods very quickly
• More efficient method
of transporting goods
and people
Steamboat
Transportation
• Clipper Ship
• Long, slender, and fast sea-going ships
which could cross the Atlantic quickly
(as well as sail to the Pacific).
• Record transatlantic time for a clipper
was 12 days in 1844 (New York to
Liverpool, England) .
• Mayflower took 66 days to make the same
voyage.
Clipper Ship ( The Flying Cloud )
Telegraph
• Samuel Morse – invented a telegraph
that would send pulses of electricity
down a wire
• Morse code
• Telegraph lines
spanned the country
making
communication
quicker & easier
Farming inventions
• John Deere – invented a lightweight
steel plow that made preparing soil
much less work
Farming Inventions
• Cyrus McCormick – invented a
reaper which cut through grain
• New technology in farming allowed
for more food quicker and cheaper
• HOW? The grain cut by this
reaper fell on a platform, from
which it was raked by a person
walking beside the machine
The Cotton Gin
• Eli Whitney – invented the cotton
gin – a machine for cleaning cotton
• One worker (slave) could clean as
much as 50 pounds of cotton a day in
comparison to 1 pound by hand
• This will lead to the need
for more slaves to pick
more cotton
Cotton Gin
Farming Inventions
• Agriculture/Farming Inventions