Download ENERGY and HEAT

I. ENERGY
defined: the ability to do work.
Classified: potential or kinetic
potential energy is stored energy
because of an object’s position
Kinetic energy energy an object has
because of its motion
Man cannot create energy from
nothing!!
A. Thermal Energy
The total kinetic energy of the
particles in a substance.
Depends on temperature and mass
1. temperature: as temperature
increases, motion increases
2. mass: the greater the mass of a
substance the more thermal
energy.
More mass means more particles
are moving within the substance.
B. Temperature
the measure of the average kinetic
energy of all the particles in a
substance.
a thermometer measures temperature in
degrees
Fahrenheit or Celsius
TEMPERATURE IS NOT THE SAME AS
THERMAL ENERGY
Thermal energy is the TOTAL kinetic
energy
Temperature measures the AVERAGE
kinetic energy
II MATTER AND THERMAL ENERGY
A.State Changes:
A.The amount of attraction between particles
depends on the speed at which the particles
move.
B. Thermal Expansion: the property of
matter in which the temperature change
is not very great, therefore a substance
does not change state.
Expand:
when the particles of a substance
increase in speed and take up more
space.
Contract:
When particles decrease in speed and
occupy less space (shrink)
C. Measuring Thermal Energy
Calorie:
the amount of thermal energy needed to
raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1
degree C.
Depends on mass and temperature change
D. Stored Thermal Energy
The ability of a substance to store thermal
energy.
HEAT
A. Conduction
Heat that occurs when particles bump into
each other but do not change location.
1. conductors: substances that allow heat to
move through them easily.
METALS
2. insulators: substances that do not allow
heat to move through them easily.
B. Convection:
heat that occurs when particles carry thermal
energy as they move from one place to another.
C. Radiation::
Heat that occurs when there are no particles to
carry the energy.
III. HEAT AT WORK
A. Fuel Sources
1. fuel any substance that releases energy
when it burns.
wood, oil, gasoline, natural gas
a. fossil fuels: fuel from fossils
coal, crude oil, and natural gas.
fossil fuels are nonrenewable
nonrenewable: not able to be replaced
renewable: able to be replaced
HEAT IN SPACE