Download Part2reviewwithanswers

• 1) one of the causes the U.S. entered WWI, along with the
sinking of RMS Lusitania
– Zimmermann telegram
• 2) series of reform movements in the Catholic Church as a
response to the Protestant Reformation
– Counter-Reformation
• 3) leader of Bolsheviks who founded Communist Party in
Russia, instituted New Economic Policy
– Vladimir Lenin
• 4) pride in one’s country, sometimes accompanied by feelings
of superiority over other countries
– nationalism
• 5) religious denomination established after the Great Schism
of 1054; recognized patriarch but not the pope in Rome
– Orthodox Christianity
• 6) Spanish explorer who conquered Aztec, established
Mexico
– Hernan Cortes
• 7) document drafted by the National Assembly that
guaranteed basic rights for men of France
– Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
• 8) European and Japanese social structure in which
people agreed to trade freedom for security
– feudalism
• 9) author of the 95 Theses and founder of the Lutheran
Church
– Martin Luther
• 10) leader of Soviet Russia following the death of Lenin;
instituted collectivization and Five-Year Plans
– Joseph Stalin
• 11) political approach in which one leader wields all power
– absolutism
• 12) dynasty that saw expansion into Asia and Africa, as
well as the division into Sunni and Shi’a
– Umayyad
• 13) Polish scientist who proposed concept of a
heliocentric solar system
– Nicolaus Copernicus
• 14) political system that abolished social class and private
property; everything operated by the state
– Communism
• 15) author of “The Prince,” which had significant
influence on European political landscape for centuries to
come
– Niccolo Machiavelli
• 16) German scientist who developed the Planetary Laws
of Motion
– Johannes Kepler
• 17) one of Five Pillars of Islam; the profession of faith
– shahada
• 18) French explorer who founded Quebec, explored
Newfoundland
– Jacques Cartier
• 19) Spanish explorer who conquered Inca, established
Peru
– Francisco Pizarro
• 20) consisted of Britain, France, and Russia in WWI;
Britain, USSR, and USA in WWII
– Allies
• 21) government-sanctioned attacks on Jewish
populations, which led to emigration from Russia to U.S.
– pogroms
• 22) societal transition toward steam power, mass
production, and urbanization
– Industrial Revolution
• 23) English playwright who wrote Romeo and Juliet,
Hamlet, MacBeth
– William Shakespeare
• 24) one of Five Pillars of Islam; the pilgrimage to Mecca
– hajj
• 25) largest sect of Islam who believe Abu Bakr should
have succeeded Muhammad as caliph
– Sunni
• 26) shift of populations from countryside to cities,
accompanied by overcrowding and lack of sanitation
– urbanization
• 27) Italian scientist who contributed to astronomy,
improved telescope
– Galileo Galilei
• 28) economic practice that prioritized the acquisition of
gold and silver as symbols of wealth
– mercantilism
• 29) Byzantine emperor who codified Roman law
– Justinian
• 30) English author whose Canterbury Tales helped
society transition from Latin to vernacular
– Geoffrey Chaucer
• 31) leader of the Jacobins; desired to establish a Republic
of Virtue built on reason
– Maximilien Robespierre
• 32) WWI alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Ottoman Turkey
– Central Powers
• 33) political movement emphasizing value of the nation
over the individual
– fascism
• 34) second holiest city in Islam, where Muhammad fled
during the Hijrah to escape persecution
– Medina
• 35) Swiss philosopher who popularized the idea of
“general will”
– Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• 36) Italian humanist whose sonnets became standard for
lyrical poetry
– Petrarch
• 37) “one who submits to Allah” and practices Islam
– Muslim
• 38) French social class consisting of bourgeoisie, wage
earners, shopkeepers, and peasants; paid all the taxes
– Third Estate
• 39) country or area in which another country has power
to affect developments, despite having no formal
authority
– sphere of influence
• 40) part of mercantilism that sought to export more than
import
– favorable balance of trade
• 41) holiest city in Islam; destination for the hajj
(pilgrimage) and site of the Kaaba
– Mecca
• 42) French philosopher who advocated for separation of
powers in government
– baron de Montesquieu
• 43) Allied approach of yielding to Hitler’s acts of
aggression to avoid war
– appeasement
• 44) series of goals instituted by Stalin in which heavy
industries were developed at the expense of the people
– Five-Year Plans
• 45) period of turmoil in Russia that saw the overthrow of
the tsar and the establishment of Communism
– Bolshevik Revolution
• 46) largest of the Germanic kingdoms; united under
Charles Martel
– Franks
• 47) organization that agreed to defend each other
against aggressors
– League of Nations
• 48) French for “hands-off”; refers to the role of
government in capitalist societies
– laissez-faire
• 49) dynasty that ushered the Golden Age of Islam;
marked by advances in philosophy, art, science, etc.
– Abbasid
• 50) leader of Holy Roman Empire, helped spread
feudalism throughout Western Europe
– Charlemagne
• 1) revival of interest in learning about classical civilization
like Greece and Rome
– Renaissance
• 2) Martin Luther work criticizing the sale of indulgences;
publication led directly to Protestant Reformation
– 95 Theses
• 3) policy in which non-Russians were forced to adopt
Russian language and culture
– Russification
• 4) group of radicals led by Robespierre who instituted the
Reign of Terror
– Jacobins
• 5) French social class consisting of nobles; did not pay
taxes
– Second Estate
• 6) political and economic control of one area or country
by another
– imperialism
• 7) wealthy members of the Third Estate, including
doctors, lawyers, and merchants
– bourgeoisie
• 8) group of Turks operating out of Asia; known as the
“Sick Man of Europe”
– Ottoman Turkey
• 9) English leader who formed the Church of England
– King Henry VIII
• 10) English philosopher known for advancement of the
scientific method
– Francis Bacon
• 11) French social class consisting of clergy; did not pay
taxes
– Third Estate
• 12) 17th-18th century European intellectual movement
emphasizing reason and individualism
– Enlightenment
• 13) dynasty that conquered the Byzantines; led to the
Crusades
– Seljuk Turks
• 14) private land taken from peasants, who were forced to
join farms owned by the government
– collectivization
• 15) cause of the U.S. entry into WWII
– Pearl Harbor
• 16) leader of Nazi Germany who promoted ideas of Aryan
race; actions led to WWII
– Adolf Hitler
• 17) political faction of Islam who believe Ali should have
succeeded Muhammad as caliph
– Shi’a
• 18) political system in which government controls all
aspects of individual life
– totalitarianism
• 19) German blacksmith and publisher who invented
movable type printing press
– Johann Gutenberg
• 20) Hitler’s political ideology, which promoted extreme
form of nationalism
– Nazism
• 21) English scientist who developed the Three Laws of
Motion
– Sir Isaac Newton
• 22) Parisian prison symbolic of the feudalistic “Old
Regime”
– Bastille
• 23) meeting where France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia
discussed need for balance of powers
– Congress of Vienna
• 24) Woodrow Wilson’s plans for peace, which included
the formation of the League of Nations
– Fourteen Points
• 25) Italian who sailed for Spain; first European to reach
West Indies
– Christopher Columbus
• 26) Italian artist and sculptor who painted Sistine Chapel,
sculpted David
– Michelangelo
• 27) fascist leader of Italy prior to and during WWII
– Benito Mussolini
• 28) monotheistic religion founded by prophet
Muhammad; belief in Allah as the one, true god
– Islam
• 29) representative body of government in France that
represented the Third Estate
– National Assembly
• 30) Prussian leader who united Germany through his
“blood and iron” approach
– Otto von Bismarck
• 31) event marking France’s transition from absolutism to
a republic
– French Revolution
• 32) papers that could be purchased from the Church as a
way of “gaining salvation”
– indulgences
• 33) founder and final prophet of Islam
– Muhammad
• 34) one of Five Pillars of Islam; the five daily prayers all
Muslims must say
– salah
• 35) Italian artist and inventor famous for Mona Lisa, The
Last Supper
– Leonardo da Vinci
• 36) political statute that extended voting rights to the
middle and working classes
– Reform Bill of 1832
• 37) one of Five Pillars of Islam; the fast during the month
of Ramadan
– sawm
• 38) Eastern half of the Roman Empire that established its
capital at Constantinople
– Byzantine Empire
• 39) Italian leader who, along with Camillo di Cavour,
unified Italian city-states under a single nation
– Giuseppe Garibaldi
• 40) one of Five Pillars of Islam; donation of percentage of
one’s income to charity
– zakat
• 41) alphabet developed by the Byzantines and later
adopted by Russia
– Cyrillic
• 42) WWII alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan
– Axis Powers
• 43) 1919 document ending WWI, assigning Germany full
blame, territorial losses, and other punishments
– Treaty of Versailles
• 44) Scottish economist who promoted capitalism and the
“invisible hand”
– Adam Smith
• 45) leader of France who overthrew the Directory; spread
nationalism, revolutionary ideas around the world
– Napoleon Bonaparte
• 46) name for God in Arabic, Islam
– Allah
• 47) movement in France that sought to eliminate
enemies of the Revolution through executions
– Reign of Terror
• 48) English philosopher who thought people act on evil
impulses
– Thomas Hobbes
• 49) king of France who was overthrown and later
executed after attempting to escape
– Louis XVI
• 50) English philosopher who believed people were born
with a “blank slate”
– John Locke