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Heat & Wind by: Mrs. Wisher WRITE EVERYTHING IN BLUE! Heat • The movement of heat in the atmosphere causes changes in weather. • The sun’s energy travels as electromagnetic waves. • Some of the sun’s energy is absorbed by the atmosphere. 3 Types of Heat Transfer • radiation – the transfer of heat through empty space from the sun • conduction – the transfer of heat through touch • convection – the transfer of heat through the movement of molecules Electromagnetic Radiation Convection Winds • Wind is the horizontal movement of air • Winds are caused by the unequal heating of the atmosphere • Winds will travel from an area of high pressure to low pressure • http://hint.fm/wind/ Measuring Winds • anemometer – measures wind speed with cup-like devices • the faster is spins, the faster the wind is blowing • wind-chill factor – increased cooling felt by wind Local Winds • winds that blow over short distances • common near large bodies of water Land Breeze • land breeze – breeze that occurs at night as the land quickly cools and becomes cooler than the water Sea Breeze • warm air moves from the land during the day moves over the cooler air above the water Global Winds • Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances. • The sun hits the equator at a straight angle so it heats the surface stronger. • The sun’s rays hit the poles at an angle which spreads the heat so it is cooler. • The movement of air between the equator and the poles produces global winds. Global Winds Coriolis Effect • Coriolis Effect – the way Earth rotates creates a curve to the Earth’s winds • All winds travel to the right in the Northern hemisphere Major Global Wind Types • Doldrums – area of low pressure at the equator with little motion • Horse Latitudes – calm warm air from the equator that moves north and south • Trade Winds – winds that blow easterly towards the equator • Prevailing Westerlies – winds that are turned towards the east by the Coriolis Effect • Polar Easterlies – cold air from the poles outwards Global Winds Jet Stream • High-speed winds about 10 km above the surface • Winds can blow west to east 200-400 km per hour • How does this affect transcontinental air travel?
