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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION • A period from 1400 to 1600 in which Europeans traveled the rest of the world in search of goods, raw materials, land, and trade partners, as well for the purpose of spreading Christianity. • Also known as the Age of Discovery THE FACTORS THAT LED TO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION • The following are the reasons that Europe began to explore the rest of the world… 1.) The demand for natural resources such as… • Gold • Spices • Other natural resources that Europe did not have THE FACTORS THAT LED TO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 2.) The competition between European countries • Mercantilism • Also known as the mercantile system • The practice of increasing wealth through trade • Nation increases its wealth by selling more goods than it is buying • Responsibility of government to increase trade THE FACTORS THAT LED TO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 3.) Innovations in maritime technology • Portugal was the leader in developing and applying new sailing innovations • Prince Henry the Navigator • Established a school of navigation • Directed Portugal’s journeys and establishment of colonies THE FACTORS THAT LED TO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 4.) The desire to spread Christianity • Missionaries where sent with explorers to convert the indigenous people (original inhabitants) • Colonists brought their faith and culture with them MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPLORERS AND THE TERRITORIES THAT THEY CLAIMED • Portugal • Vasco de Gama (1497-1499) • Established trading posts along the African and Indian coasts MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPLORERS AND THE TERRITORIES THAT THEY CLAIMED • Spain • Christopher Columbus (1492-1500) • Claimed territories in Central America for Spain • First landed on the island of San Salvador in the Caribbean Sea • Made four journeys total MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPLORERS AND THE TERRITORIES THAT THEY CLAIMED • Spain • Hernando Cortez (1511-1520) • Claimed territories in Central America for Spain as well • Conquered the Aztec Empire with the aid of… • Disease • Native enemies • Superior Weapons MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPLORERS AND THE TERRITORIES THAT THEY CLAIMED • Spain • Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1521; 1522) • Claimed the Philippines in Southeast Asia for Spain • His voyage was the first to circumnavigate (to circle) the world – he died along the way (1521) MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPLORERS AND THE TERRITORIES THAT THEY CLAIMED • Spain • Francisco Pizarro (1524-1532) • Claimed territories in South America (Peru) for Spain • Conquered the Incan Empire MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPLORERS AND THE TERRITORIES THAT THEY CLAIMED • France • Jacques Cartier (1535-1542) • Claimed Canada for France MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPLORERS AND THE TERRITORIES THAT THEY CLAIMED • England • Sir Francis Drake (1577-1580) • Famous sea captain and first Englishman to circumnavigate (to circle) the world OTHER IMPORTANT FIGURES OF THE AGE OF EXPLORATION • Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator • England • Queen Elizabeth I • Encouraged overseas exploration and the establishment of colonies, which made an already standing conflict with Spain even worse. OTHER IMPORTANT FIGURES OF THE AGE OF EXPLORATION • England (cont’d) • Queen Elizabeth I • The Spanish Armada (1588) • A Spanish naval invasion force sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588 to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and halt English expansion and influence. • Some ships were destroyed on the way to England by a storm. • What was left of the Spanish fleet was destroyed by the English fleet of the coast of the British Isles. THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS (1494) • Divided the unexplored world between Spain and Portugal by the Line of Demarcation • Spain received the western half and Portugal the eastern half Spain Portugal EXIT TICKET: Out of all of the reasons for exploration discussed today in class, which one do you think was the most important and why? Out of all of the important people discussed today in class, who do you think had the greatest impact on the Age of Exploration and why?