Download Chapter 7 Sec 2

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Tariff of 1816: Increased the price on imported
goods.
Nativists: Campaigned for laws to discourage
immigration.
Cotton gin: Made it easier to separate seeds
from cotton fibers.
EQ: What are sectional differences
and how did the North and South
differ during the first half of the
1800s?
The students will be able to evaluate
concepts of immigrant motivation.
Ch7 Sec 2: Sectional Differences
• In the early 1800s, the North became more
industrialized while the South became mostly
agricultural. Industrialization spread across the
North for several reasons. The Tariff of 1816 was
protective tariff that helped Americans to buy
products made in the United States by increasing
the price on imported goods. Factories appeared
in the North because there was greater access to
capital, or the money needed to buy equipment
and factories. In the South, capital was tied up in
land and slaves.
• Another reason for industrialization was the
abundance of labor. Millions of immigrants
came to the United States during this period.
In the mid-1800s, most immigrants came
from Ireland and Germany. Most of them
were poor and went to work in northeastern
cities. Often these immigrants were treated
poorly. Many Protestant workers resented the
competition from poor, Catholic immigrants.
• Some politicians, called nativists, campaigned
for laws to discourage immigration or to deny
political rights to newcomers.
• Industrialization changed how people worked.
New jobs required less skill, and skilled
workers saw their wages go down. Some
workers formed labor unions—groups of
workers who unite to seek mutual goals. One
tactic of labor unions was to go on strike,
hoping to force employers to pay higher
wages.
• Many Americans benefited from new office
jobs, such as bankers, accountants, lawyers,
and retailers, were created during
industrialization. These well-paid workers
made up a new social and economic class—a
middle class. Most middle class men worked
in offices outside of their homes, away from
the crowds, noise and smells of the
workshops and factories. Factory workers
could not afford that move.
• In the South, a boom in agriculture was
caused by the cotton gin, western expansion,
and industrialization in the North. The cotton
gin was an invention that made cotton
cultivation easier to separate seeds from
fibers, as well as more profitable. More and
more farmers began to grow cotton, including
those who lived in new territories to the west.
Demand for cotton continued to increase from
factories in the North and in Europe.
• The culture of the South was affected by its
agriculture. The south became too
dependent on cotton, limiting development.
The cotton boom was an incentive for farmers
to acquire more slaves. Southerners claimed
that slavery was good for society, and they
had a sense of racial superiority. Education
was not a high priority, so illiteracy was higher
in the South than it was in the North.
EXIT SLIP
"There are too many foreigners and
undesirables coming into the United States.
Let's pull up the ladder."
Which concept is best illustrated by this
statement?
A) populism
B) social mobility
C) nativism
D) reverse discrimination
EXIT SLIP
"There are too many foreigners and
undesirables coming into the United States.
Let's pull up the ladder."
Which concept is best illustrated by this
statement?
A) populism
B) social mobility
C) nativism
D) reverse discrimination
EXIT SLIP
What was a major reason that slavery expanded
in the South in the first half of the 1800s?
A) Federal government regulations favored
Southern exports.
B) New inventions led to an increase in cotton
production.
C) Most early textile mills were built in the South.
D) The federal government encouraged the
importation of enslaved persons.
EXIT SLIP
What was a major reason that slavery expanded
in the South in the first half of the 1800s?
A) Federal government regulations favored
Southern exports.
B) New inventions led to an increase in cotton
production.
C) Most early textile mills were built in the South.
D) The federal government encouraged the
importation of enslaved persons.