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Biochemistry
Organic compounds are made by living things
and contain carbon
ex: glucose C6H12O6
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon
ex: water H2O
1. Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds:
-single, double or triple bonds
-this allows carbon to form many different
shaped molecules
2. Functional groups:
most organic compounds are made of
clusters of atoms called functional groups
Amino
Carboxyl
3. Macromolecules:
large
molecules made of simpler molecules
Monomers – small molecules which link together
to form polymers
Polymers – large molecules made of chains of
monomers
monomer
polymer
Glucose (monosaccharide)
Starch (polysaccharide)
Amino acid
Protein
Nucleotide
DNA
4. Dehydration Synthesis:
- combining monomers to make polymers
by removing water
- also called a condensation reaction
5. Hydrolysis:
breaking apart polymers by adding water
6. ATP – adenosine triphosphate:
stores energy for cells
- breaking off the 3rd phosphate releases energy,
leaving ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
- putting the 3rd phosphate back on stores energy,
making ATP (adenosine triphosphate)