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Sound and Ear
Day one
Sound & Ear
Learning objectives:
• What is sound?
• What part(s) of the body receive sound?
• How does the brain perceive sound?
Key Points on Sound
1. Waves transmit energy – not matter
2. Sound can only travel through matter,
through a “medium.”
3. The easier it is to move the molecules, the
faster the wave will travel.
–
If the material is dense, the molecules are closer
to each other.
– If material is hot, the molecules are already
moving faster.
4. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) – the
number of waves that go by in one second.
5. Wavelength is the length of one wave.
6. The larger (bigger) the wavelength, the
___er the frequency (higher or lower)
The lower the frequency – fewer waves per
second.
Page 423 – Find definition of a Wave
What does a wave transfer / move?
• ENERGY
Read definition of sound
What produces sound?
• A vibrating object Finger to vocal cords.
What does sound have to travel through?
• Matter / molecules – a “medium”
• Globe. Explain vacuum, not a vacuum cleaner!
Pg 428 All waves have a wavelength
and a frequency
Transverse wave
Longitudinal wave
Pg 424 Sound “wave”
LAHN-jih-TOOD-n-uhl
Pg 425
Slinky demo
Page 423 – Read directions for spoon
and string
Pg 427 – caption under scuba diver
Speed of sound in miles per hour mph in
Air?
Water?
Steel?
What makes sound have a higher or
lower “pitch”?
Talk to your neighbor and use what you know
about sound waves – vibrations, wavelength
and/or frequency – to explain. Write on left.
Demos:
• Sound changes as the marble drops down
the “tree”?
• Different guitar strings
Page 432
Faster vibrations produce higher
frequencies / pitch.
• The smaller pieces of wood or smaller/
tighter guitar strings vibrate faster.
• Ruler demo?
• Lets move to the organ that lets us receive
and perceive sound.
• What is the difference between “receive” and
“perceive”?
Perceiving is the brain becoming aware of
anything through any of the senses.
Is thinking the same as perceiving?
Sound and Ear
Day two
Major Parts of the Ear
• Video using ear model. Has answers to WS!
• video-ear model.asf
Student
demos
drum
Sound waves hit the ear drum and
were turned into vibrations
Outer ear acts like a funnel, directing
and focusing the sound to ear drum
Cup hand behind ears.
What do the 3 bones do?
Amplify and magnify the
vibrations
Pg 437 Hammer,
anvil & stirrup
bones (smallest
bones in the body)
Stirrups on a saddle
How mammals got ear bones and how
they work
Do We Listen With Our Jaw Bones? (4 min)
http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/b07a81ee-2640-474e-a08f8c30043705da/do-we-hear-with-jaw-bones-your-inner-fish/
Path of the sound wavy waves
Path of the sound wavy waves
Path of the sound wavy waves
The cochlea is a ___-____ ___ tube
Fluid-filled hairy tube!
“Oval “Window”
Draw this
Touch the hair, not the skin, on your arm,
leg, or head (from best to worst)
When the nerve at the ends of each hair sends
an electrical nerve impulse to the brain, the
brain perceives _______
Touch at that spot.
When the hairs/cilia inside the cochlea are
moved, the brain perceives _______
Sound!
The vibrations have been turned into electrical
nerve impulses.
Questions about the ear and hearing?
• Different frequencies/pitches move different
cilia. High pitches at beginning, low at end.
• Cilia are nerve cells, not hair cells. They do not
grow back if broken.
:
Ear drum turns ____ into ____.
• Ear drum turns sound waves into vibrations.
Cochlea turns ____ into ____.
• Cochlea turns vibrations into electrical nerve
impulses that go to the brain.
Semicircular canals are also fluid-filled tubes
that have nothing to do with hearing.
Fluid- and
stone-filled
hairy tubes!
Pg 404
“Otoliths” Greek for stones. They “fall” as we move our
head, and trigger the cilia to send that sensation to the
brain.
3 canals are perceived as 3 different
types of motion
Learning objectives from last class:
What is sound?
What part(s) of the body receive sound?
How does the brain perceive sound?
• Put your finger on the definition of perceiving
in your notes.
• Perceiving is the brain becoming aware of
anything through any of the senses.
Learning objectives from last class:
What part(s) of the body receive sound?
• How the ear works
How does the brain perceive sound?
• The five steps
Key Points on Sound
1. Waves transmit energy – not matter
2. Sound can only travel through matter,
through a “medium.”
3. The easier it is to move the molecules, the
faster the wave will travel.
4. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) – the
number of waves that go by in one second.
5. Wavelength is the length of one wave.
6. The larger the wavelength, the lower the
frequency
Faster vibrations produce higher frequencies/
pitch (guitar, marble tree).
What is the function of the outer ear?
Direct, or “funnel,”
sound into the ear
canal to the ear
drum.
What is the function of the ear drum?
Turns the sound
“pressure waves”
back into
vibrations..
What is next? The
ear drum hits the …
What is the function of the bones?
“Levers” to
magnify and
transmit/move
the vibrations
from the ear
drum to the ….
What is next?
The cochlea is a fluid-filled hairy tube
What are the hairs actually called?
Cilia
Show high & low freq. cilia.
Cochlea turns ____ into ____.
Cochlea turns vibrations into electrical
nerve impulses that go to the brain.
When do we actually “perceive” sound?
When the nerve/electrical signal reaches the brain.
ABC news on hearing loss in YOUNG
people
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErUWnEOoKls
How Old are Your Ears?
ASAP video – set to 1080 bandwidth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxcbppCX6Rk&index=5&list=PLvFsG9gYF
xY_lAm8jnex08LeiGMTiZQOW
You CAN avoid losing your hearing!
Page 443 Read
“Response of the
Ear”
• Repeat/long
exposure to 100
dB will damage
in the long-term
(music, hand
dryers!)
• LOUD sounds of
130 dB or more
will damage cilia
Ringing in your ear?
• Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the head
or the ears. The term comes from Latin word
tinnire, meaning “to ring.”
• Most tinnitus comes from damage to the
microscopic endings of the hearing nerve in
the inner ear.
• Injury to these nerve endings brings on hearing
loss and often tinnitus.
• Source:
http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/hearing/tinnitus.cfm
Ear Plugs are your friend!
• They are cheap, soft and comfortable. Roll to
compress and put into ear.
• You can still hear, but they lower the overall
volume and save your hearing..
Audio illusions (instead of optical
illusions)
Can you trust your ears? ASAP, 3 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzo45hWXR
WU&feature=em-subs_digest
Ear Wax
Its purpose is to trap dust and other small
particles and prevent them from reaching, and
potentially damaging or infecting the eardrum.
Normally, the wax dries up and falls out of the
ear, along with any trapped dust or debris.
Motion sickness, What is it?
ASAP 1:30
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CP0VX9XFXU
Is your Chp 12 WS right?
• Q 10 & 11: Did you draw a longitudinal
wave? Is the frequency different? Did you
label one wavelength in both 11 and 12?
• Q13: Answer IS on on page 435!
• Q15: Info from page 436 and page 440.
• Q16: Info from page 437 and 441.
• Q17: What happens inside cochlea and what
does that have to do with how we hear?
• ParrMr song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0C54NqkwB2c