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13.3
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What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
o The Dardanelles opened a gateway to the Ottoman capital,
Constantinople (Istanbul)
o By securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed they could take
Constantinople and establish a supply line to Russia
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What was the result of the Gallipoli campaign?
o The war turned into a bloody stalemate
o In December, after months of trench warfare, the Allies gave up and
evacuated
o 250,000 Allied casualties resulted
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1. U.S.-British relations
o The U.S. shared a bond with
Great Britain due to its common
language and ancestry
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2. The Lusitania
o May 1915: A German U-boat
sinks the British passenger liner,
the Lusitania because they
suspected it carried ammunition
o Over 1,000 people were killed,
including 128 American citizens
o In 1917 the Germans announce
policy of unrestricted submarine
warfare. The US cannot accept its
ships being targeted.
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3. The Zimmerman Note
o British. officials intercept a telegram written by German foreign
secretary Arthur Zimmerman . Britain informed the US about the
telegram.
o The telegram was meant for Mexico and promised to help Mexico
“reconquer” it’s land from the U.S. if they sided with the Central
Powers
o Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman note were the
last straws for the U.S.
o The U.S. declares war on Germany in 1917
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Why did the czar’s government
collapse?
o Russian citizens were frustrated by
o
o
o
o
lack of food and fuel
Civil unrest led to the Czar stepping
down
By 1917, 5.5 million Russian soldiers
had been wounded, killed or taken
prisoner
Vladimir Lenin led a Communist
Revolution and overthrew the new
government
Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk,
ending Russia’s involvement in World
War I
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What was the significance of
this battle?
o After Russia’s withdrawal,
Germany sends all of its troops
to the Western front
o Germans reached the Marne
River, just 40 miles outside of
Paris
o The Allies, including 140,000
fresh U.S. troops launched a
counterattack
o The refreshed Allied powers used
tanks to push back the
exhausted German forces
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What events signaled the defeat of the Central Powers?
o Kaiser Wilhelm steps down after soldiers mutiny
o Germany declares itself a republic
o On November 11th, 1918, Germany and France signed an armistice,
effectively ending the war
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1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the U.S.
joined the war?
o A. Interception of the Zimmerman note
o B. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare
o C. Cultural and political ties to Great Britain
o D. An alliance with Serbia
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2. Which of the following best describes the end of World
War I?
o A. The opposing sides made an agreement to stop the war
o B. The Central powers forced the Allied powers to surrender after
the 2nd battle of the Marne
o C. The Germans claimed victory after the Russians dropped out of
the war
o D. The Allied powers forced the Central powers to surrender after
the Americans joined the war
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3. What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
o A. The Allied powers hoped to seek revenge for the sinking of the
Lusitania
o B. The Allied powers hoped to gain a supply line for Russia
o C. The Allied powers hoped to weaken the Central powers by
eliminating any threats from the Ottoman empire
o D. The Allied powers hoped to gain a port on the Aegean Sea
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4. Which of the following led to the signing of the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk?
o A. Russian citizens suffered a shortage of food and fuel
o B. The Czar was forced to step down
o C. Lenin led a communist revolution which instituted a new
government in Russia
o D. All of the above
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5. What advantage did the Allied powers have over the
Germans at the Second Battle of the Marne?
o A. Germany was taken by surprise in the Allied attack
o B. The Allies were aided by refreshed American troops
o C. The Allies used airplanes to drop bombs on German troops
o D. All of the above