Download Important adaptations during the life cycle Birgitta Tullberg and

The Department of Zoology
130 year anniversary 2010
- the oldest department at Stockholm university
Wilhelm Leche, Prof. zoology (1884)
First full-time teacher 1880
Zootomiska institutet 1880
Zootomiska institutet at ”Stockholms högskola”
-1880 Norra Bantorget
-1881 today’s Vasagatan 11
-1885 today’s Kungsgatan 70
-1926 Spökslottet, Drottninggatan 116
-1956 Rådmansgatan 70A
-1960 Dept of Zoology at Stockholm university
-1975 Rådmansgatan + Sandåsgatan 2
-1985 Frescati
Tovetorp
Natural History Museum
Some other significant events shaping today’s Zootis:
1956 Lars Silén professor Zoology
Eric Fabricius docent Ethology (1970 professor NFR)
1961 Askö laboratory (Baltic Sea)
1969 Tovetorp field station (Sörmland)
1972 Systematics at the Museum of Natural History
1975 Ragnar Olsson (last) professor Zoology
1979 Askö laboratory independent (1989 Systems Ecology)
1981 Tommy Radesäter SU professor Ethology
1988 Dick Nässel professor Functional morphology
1997 Christer Wiklund professor – Ecology 1 subject
1998 Dag Broman’s ecotoxicology group leaves for ITM
2004 Population Genetics unit (Nils Ryman) joins
TODAY
Five PhD subjects (divisions):
• Functional zoomorphology
• Animal Ecology
• Ethology
• Population genetics
• Systematic Zoology
BUT…
FACULTY-FUNDED RESEARCH
FACULTY-FUNDING FOR PHD-EDUCATION
BIG
UGA
Eco
Div.
UGA
Etho
Div.
UGA
Zoo
Div.
UGA
Pop
Div.
Syst
Div.
EXTERNAL FUNDING
INFRASTRUCTURE
UGA
Faun
UGA
Tove
torp
SOME NUMBERS
Total budget: 70 MSEK (20 external)
Professors: 12,5 (excluding Museum)
Associate professors ”Lektor”: 2
Other researchers with PhD (excl. Museum): 18
Other staff (snapshot): 13
Total 40-50 employed any given moment
PhD students: about 50 any given moment
THE RESEARCH
FUNCTIONAL ZOOMORPHOLOGY
Dick Nässel
H. Dircksen
R. Cantera
B. Borg
Dick Nässel
”I am interested in chemical signaling in the Drosophila brain,
especially in regulation of olfaction,feeding and metabolic stress,
and study roles of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides
in control of insulin signaling, odor perception and feeding.”
- R Ignell, CM Root, RT Birse, JW Wang, DR Nässel, ÅME Winther. 2009.
Presynaptic peptidergic modulation of olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila.
PNAS 106: 13070-13075.
- DR Nässel. 2009. Neuropeptide signaling near and far –
how localized and timed is the action of neuropeptides in brain circuits?
Invertebrate neuroscience : IN 9: 57-75.
- AM Jansen, DR Nässel, KL Madsen, AG Jung, U Gether, O Kjaerulff. 2009.
PICK1 expression in the Drosophila central nervous system
primarily occurs in the neuroendocrine system.
The Journal of comparative neurology 517: 313-32.
- HAD Johard, T Yoishii, H Dircksen, P Cusumano,
F Rouyer, C Helfrich-Förster, DR Nässel. 2009. Peptidergic clock neurons in
Drosophila – ion transport peptide and short neuropeptide F in subsets of dorsal
and ventral lateral neurons. Journal of comparative neurology 516: 59-73.
- J Poels, RT Birse, RJ Nachman, J Fichna, A Janecka, JV Broeck, DR Nässel. 2009.
Characterization and distribution of NKD,
a receptor for Drosophila tachykinin-related peptide 6. Peptides 30: 545-56.
- H Dircksen, A Mandali, T Yoshii, J Strauss, C Helfrich-Foerster, DR Nässel. 2009.
Differential neuronal expression of three Drosophila ion transport
peptide splice forms indicate multiple functions of peptidergic neurons.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 153A: S79.
”We use various molecular markers to study
the expression of genes or proteines under
different experimental conditions.”
The expression is studied in relation to anatomy
and morphology – a link to the original ”zootomy”
Distribution of DTK peptide immunoreactivity (IR)
in local antennal lobe interneurons.
Winther
Cantera
Dircksen
Also
crustaceans
Plasticity of neurons
Bertil Borg
• To Stockholm 1985
• Studies reproductive biology in fish
• Responsible for the aquaria/terraria in D2
• Director of studies Zoological morphology
Endocrine regulation of reproduction
E Antonopoulou, P Swanson, B Borg. 2009. Effects of aromatase-inhibitors and different doses of
testosterone on gonadotropins in one year old male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A 153: 408-419.
A Hellqvist, M Schmitz, B Borg. 2008. Effects of castration and androgen-treatment on the expression
of FSH-β and LH-β in the three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus-Feedback differences
mediating the photoperiodic maturation response? General and Comparative Endocrinology : 178-182.
E Hoffmann, A Österman, I Mayer, B Borg. 2008. 11-ketotestosterone is not responsible for the entire
testicular effect on male reproductive behaviour in the threespine stickleback. Behaviour : 509-525.
Fish morphology and physiology another traditional subject at the Dept
ANIMAL ECOLOGY
Christer Wiklund
A. Angerbjörn B. Tullberg B. Karlsson
S. Nylin
Anders Angerbjörn
• Population and community ecology
• Mostly mammals
• Often in the Arctic Zone
• Conservation of Arctic fox
• Director of studies, Ecology
J-A Henden, RA Ims, NG Yoccoz, P Hellström, A Angerbjörn. 2010. Strength of
asymmetric competition between predators in food webs ruled by fluctuating prey:
the case of foxes in tundra. Oikos 119: 27-34.
K Norén, A Angerbjörn, P Hersteinsson. 2009. Population structure in an isolated Arctic
fox, Vulpes lagopus, population: the impact of geographical barriers.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 97: 18-26.
K Norén, K Kvaloy, V Nyström, A Landa, L Dalén, NE Eide, E Ostbye, H Henttonen,
A Angerbjörn. 2009. Farmed arctic foxes on the Fennoscandian mountain tundra:
implications for conservation. Animal Conservation 12: 434-444.
F Dalerum, K Kunkel, A Angerbjörn, B Shults. 2009. Patterns of δ13C and δ15N in
wolverine (Gulo gulo) tissues from the Brooks Range, Alaska. Current Zool 55: 188-192.
F Dalerum, K Kunkel, A Angerbjörn, BS Shults. 2009. Diet of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in
the western Brooks Range, Alaska. Polar Research 28: 246-253.
J-A Henden, NG Yoccoz, RA Ims, B-J Bårdsen, A Angerbjörn. 2009. Phase-dependent
effect of conservation efforts in cyclically fluctuating populations of Arctic fox
(Vulpes lagopus).. Biological Conservation 142: 2586-2592.
Elmhagen
Predators, Climate & Ecosystems
”This project investigates how climate impacts
predators and how predators impact each other
and other species, in different types of
ecosystems in Fennoscandia.”
Lindenfors
Sexual selection and the
evolution of the mammal brain
Parasite diversity in carnivores
Phylogenetic analysis of
sexual size dimorphism
Bottom-up or Top-down regulation?
Human cultural evolution
Christer Wiklund
- PhD at the Dept 1975
- One of the founders of ”evolutionary
ecology” in Sweden
- Ecology division leader
Wickman Wiklund Nylin
- Today 10 senior staff and
5-10 PhD students work with
butterflies, in Ecology and Ethology
Why butterflies?
Butterflies are widely used as model organisms
in ecology, ethology and evolutionary biology
-Large and easily manipulated
-Easy to observe in the field
-Much knowledge from ”amateurs”
Flight cages at Tovetorp
Climate cabinet
• Field studies
• Semi-natural conditions
• Laboratory experiments
• Theoretical and analytical studies
• Genetic and molecular studies
A butterfly life cycle
Winter
Autumn
To hibernation
Summer
Spring
Important adaptations during the life cycle
Fitting the life cycle into seasonal fluctuations
-Hibernation strategies
-Photoperiodism
-Growth and life history strategies
-Seasonal forms
Karl Gotthard
and others
Important adaptations during the life cycle
The allocation of resources
-Survival, dispersal, reproduction? Trade-offs
-Optimal body design
Bengt Karlsson
and others
Important adaptations during the life cycle
Finding a partner and reproduce
-entering the population at the right time
-competing successfully with others of the same sex
-attracting a partner
-competing successfully for fertilizations after mating
Christer Wiklund
and others
Sexual selection
Sperm competition and nuptial gifts
Female Pieris napi with spermatophores
Important adaptations during the life cycle
Finding a suitable larval host plant
Heliconius
Sören Nylin
Passiflora
Niklas Janz
Specialist on Urticaceae
(and perhaps relatives)
Only nettles etc
New host plants
N Wahlberg, E Weingartner, AD Warren, S Nylin. 2009. Timing major conflict between
mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of Polygonia butterflies
(Nymphalidae: Nymphalini). BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 92.
S Nylin, GH Nygren, L Söderlind, C Stefanescu. 2009. Geographical variation in host plant
utilization in the comma butterfly: the roles of time constraints and plant phenology.
Evolutionary Ecology 23: 807-825.
H Heidel-Fischer, D Freitak, N Janz, L Söderlind, H Vogel, S Nylin. 2009. Phylogenetic
relatedness and host plant growth form influence gene expression of the polyphagous
comma butterfly (Polygonia c-album). BMC genomics 10: 506.
N Wahlberg, J Leneveu, U Kodandaramaiah, C Peña, S Nylin, AVL Freitas, AVZ Brower. 2009.
Nymphalid butterflies diversify following near demise at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society 276: 4295-302.
N Janz, L Söderlind, S Nylin. 2009. No effect of larval experience on adult host preferences
in Polygonia c-album (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): on the persistence of Hopkins' host
selection principle. Ecological Entomology 34: 50-57.
S Nylin, N Janz. 2009. Butterfly host plant range: an example of plasticity as a promoter
of speciation? Evolutionary Ecology 23: 137-146.
Important adaptations during the life cycle
Avoiding being eaten
-defence and camouflage in immature stages
-camouflage, defence and flight in the adult
-adaptive coloration
Birgitta Tullberg
and others
ETHOLOGY
Tommy Radesäter
O. Leimar
M. Enquist
Theory (for evolution of adaptive coloration)
Also:
-Mutualism
-Plasticity
-Polymorphisms
-Genetics
-Dispersal
-Speciation etc. etc.
Olof Leimar
Evolution of adaptive coloration
B. Tullberg, Gabriella Gamberale Stille
Evolution of eyespots and other defences
C. Wiklund, Sven Jakobsson
(With PhD student Adrian Vallin)
• Increased predation risk due to
impaired flight ability in birds
and butterflies
C Kullberg
• The role of geomagnetic cues
in avian migration
at Tovetorp
Thrush nightingale
with T. Fransson
Hans Temrin
• Dog behaviour and evolution
• Human behaviour
• Bird behaviour
Director of studies, Ethology
Present Head of BIG
Magnus Enquist
Centre for the study of cultural evolution
Wallenberg lab
Lind
P Strimling, J Sjöstrand, M Enquist, K Eriksson. 2009. Accumulation of independent
cultural traits. Theoretical Population Biology 76: 77-83.
J Lind, M Enquist. 2009. More synthetic work is needed. Adaptive Behavior 17: 329-330.
P Strimling, M Enquist, K Eriksson. 2009. Repeated learning makes cultural
evolution unique. PNAS 106: 13870-13874
J Lind, S Ghirlanda, M Enquist. 2009. Insight learning or shaping? PNAS 106: -E76.
A Acerbi, M Enquist, S Ghirlanda. 2009. Cultural evolution and individual development
of openness and conservatism. PNAS 106: 18931-18935.
M Enquist, S Ghirlanda, A Jarrick, C-A Wachtmeister. 2008. Why does human culture
increase exponentially? Theoretical Population Biology 74: 46-55.
POPULATION GENETICS
Nils Ryman
• Conservation genetics
• Genetics of managed populations
Nils Ryman
• Genetic variation in natural populations
Bävervattsprojektet, Jämtland
• Conservation of diversity in exploited species
• Statistical and theoretical development in genetics
LC Larsson, L Laikre, C André, TG Dahlgren, N Ryman. 2010. Temporally stable
genetic structure of heavily exploited Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
in Swedish waters. Heredity 104: 40-51.
N Ryman, O Leimar. 2009. GST is still a useful measure of genetic differentation
- a comment on Jost's D. Molecular Ecology 18: 2084-2087.
LC Larsson, J Charlier, L Laikre, N Ryman. 2009. Statistical power for detecting
genetic divergence-organelle versus nuclear markers.
Conservation Genetics 10: 1255-1264.
L Laikre, T Nilsson, CR Primmer, N Ryman, FW Allendorf. 2009. Importance of
Genetics in the Interpretation of Favourable Conservation Status.
Conservation Biology 23: 1378-1381.
J Charlier, L Laikre, N Ryman. 2008. Genetic structure and evidence of a local
bottleneck in moose in Sweden. Journal of Wildlife Management 72: 411-415.
Linda Laikre
• Detecting cryptic genetic structuring and effective
population sizes in natural populations
• Conservation of biodiversity on the gene level
• Effects of introducing genetically ”alien” populations
• Active in policy implementation
• Director of studies, Population Genetics
SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY
Ulf Jondelius
Invertebrate
zoology
Fredrik
Ronquist
Entomology
Thord Fransson Per Ericson
Vertebrate Zoology
Stefan Bengtson
Paleozoology
Recent PhD theses in Systematic Zoology
2004. Martin Irestedt: Molecular systematics of the antbird-ovenbird complex.
(Aves: Furnariida). VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
2006. Rasmus Hovmöller: Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomic issues in dragonfly
systematics (Insecta: Odonata). ENTOMOLOGY
2007. Erica Sjölin: Tubificids with trifid chaetae: morphology and phylogeny of
Heterodrilus (Clitellata, Annelida). INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY.
2008. Reihaneh Dehghani : Aspects of carnivoran evolution in Africa. PALEOZOOLOGY
2008. Jan I. Ohlson: Molecular phylogeny of tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins
and their allies (Aves: Tyrannida). VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
2009. Envall Ida: Evolutionary Perspectives on Naidinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae):
Molecular and Morphological Revelations. INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY