Download Europe is a land of peninsulas.

Europe is a land of peninsulas.
Scandinavian
Iberian
Apennine
Balkan
MOUNTAINS AND UPLANDS:
Kjolen
Mountains,
Norway
Pyrennes
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Pyrenees
Apennines
Apennines
Croatia in the Balkans
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The Continent
Italian Alps
Mountain
chains – Alps,
Pyrenees, Apennines, Balkans
Uplands – Scandinavia, Scotland,
Brittany in France
Meseta in Spain
Massif Central in France
North European Plain
The Continent
French Alps
The
Chunnel now links Great
Britain to the Continent--France, The Netherlands,
Germany, Belgium,
Switzerland, Austria,
Luxembourg
Northern Peninsulas
Norway and Sweden make up the
Scandinavian Peninsula, the most
northern.
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Still Northern Peninsula
During the Ice Ages, glaciers
along the Norwegian coastlines
cut deep valleys into the ocean.
Sea water filled these fjords to
provide fine harbors.
Jutland—major feature of
Denmark
Southern Peninsulas
Spain and Portugal make up
the Iberian Peninsula.
The Iberian Peninsula is a
large, semiarid plateau.
More Southern Information
The Apennine Peninsula forms
Italy.
The Balkan Peninsula
includes: Albania, Bulgaria,
Greece, Romania, and the
former Yugoslav Republics.
Islands
Scottish Highlands
The island country of Iceland lies
just south of the Arctic Circle and
is known for its volcanoes,
hotsprings, and geysers.
Ireland “Emerald Isle” + Great
Britain = British Isles
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Mediterranean Islands
Balearic Islands (Spain)
--Corsica (France)
--Sardinia & Sicily (Italy)
-- Crete and Rhodes (Greece)
--Malta
Rugged, mountainous places with
warm climate and beautiful scenery
Mountain Regions
Forested Pyrenees Mts.- rise sharply
along the borders of France and
Spain
Alpine Mountain System -southern
Europe from Spain to the Balkan
Peninsula.--- largest part= Alps
Alps - Italy, most of Switzerland,
Austria and parts of France.
Alpine Region
Austrian Alps
Plains Regions
The vast North European Plain
stretches from southeastern Britain
and western France more than
1,800 miles eastward to Poland.
In the Netherlands, people pumped
out the water to reclaim the land in
polders.
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Massif Central in France
North
European
Plain
More Plains
Rivers of Europe
Hungarian Basin – treeless stretch
of land known for agriculture and
horse raising
Fertile soils and ease of movement
have made the plains regions the
most populated areas in Europe.
Danube
Danube
Rhine,
Elbe
Seine, Loire,
Rhone
Po
Oder, Vistula
Danube
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The Rhine River in Germany
Karshruhe Schloss
Karlsruhe
Castle
Karlsruhe Market Square
The Thames in London
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The Elbe in Germany
The
Thames at
Windsor
Castle
The Seine in Paris
The Seine in France
Rivers
Rhine --most important river in
Western Europe , from Switzerland,
along the French border north through
Germany and the Netherlands,
connecting many industrial cities and
ports.
Danube-- Germany to the Black Sea,
Eastern Europe’s most important
waterway.
Europe’s rivers - from interior
mountains and highlands to the coasts
Transportation links and for irrigation
Scandinavian Rivers- short and do not
connect to major cities
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Glaciers formed most
of the lakes in
Scandinavia.
Finland is known for
its lakes--over
60,000.
Between France and
Switzerland is the
famous Lake
Geneva.
Lakes
Berlin
Paris
Important Cities
Rome
London
Zurich
Madrid
Warsaw
Lake Geneva
Dublin
Vienna
Venice
Lisbon
Scenes from
Europe
European Scenes
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Climate
North
Atlantic Drift
Alpine Climate
Mediterranean-mistral, sirocco,
Arctic
Climate
In spite of Europe’s northern
location, most of the continent has
a mild climate.
Most of Europe has a marine west
coast climate.
Vegetation
Europeans cut down most of the
natural forests that once
covered large parts of the
continent.
Why??
Vegetation
Northernmost-treeless
Deciduous
and mixed
deciduous forests
Forest and scrub in the south
Agriculture
Well-developed
agricultural
economy
Grains, cattle, sheep, dairy
Fruits, grapes, olives
Fishing
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Natural Resources
Oil - North Sea, Bulgaria and Romania
Peat- vegetable matter usually
composed of mosses, traditionally
burned as fuel in some western
European homes.
Bauxite- a source of aluminum
Potash- an element used in fertilizer
Natural Resources
Europe is the birthplace of modern
industry… due to large amounts of
coal and iron ore.
Where?? Iron ore--northeastern
France, western Germany, northern
Sweden, and the Balkan Pen. Coal-British Isles, the Ruhr in Germany,
northern France, Belgium, the Czech
Rep. and Poland.
Pollution
Air pollution from industries and
automobiles poses a serious
threat to the environment. It is
disastrous for many woodlands,
buildings, and antiquities
throughout Europe.
Peat
Industrialization
Industrial
Revolution
Agricultural processing
Basic industrial items
Coal, petroleum, gas
Taken toll on environment
Pollution in Europe
Acid
rain
Cyanide
Chernobyl
Water pollution
Cleaner fuels needed
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Culture
Multicultural
Europe is home to more than 30
countries, whose people speak
some 50 different languages.
90 % of the people in Sweden are
Swedish, Germanic groups who
settle the Scandinavian Peninsula.
They are mainly Lutheran..
Languages
In Europe there are about 50 different
languages and more than a hundred
dialects, or local forms of languages.
Define - language family
Indo-European family has 3 major
branches in Europe. Balto-Slavic,
Germanic, and Romance.
What are the official languages of
Switzerland?
Religion
Catholic
Protestant
Jewish
Greek
Orthodox
Russian Orthodox
Languages
– Indo-European
Latin-based-Spanish, Italian,
French, Portuguese,
Romanian
Germanic-English, German,
Dutch, Danish, Swedish,
Norwegian
Slavic-Polish, Czech, Slovak,
Bulgarian
Religion
Most of Europe’s Christians are Roman
Catholic who live primarily in the
southern areas of western Europe and
northern areas of eastern Europe.
Protestantism is dominant in northern
Europe, while Eastern Orthodoxy is
strongest in southern part of Eastern
Europe.
More Culture
Romanticism, Realism, and
Impressionism are part of the
artistic movement.
Music has long been part of
Europe’s culture.
Some are welfare states.
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Population
Over
700 million
High standard of living
Near zero growth rate
Nearly 75% urban
Population
Europe is smaller than any other
continent except Australia. Only
Asia has a larger population and
density
Largest- Germany - 80 million
Smallest - Vatican City- 1,000
Population
San Marino – total
population=23,000
1,000 per square mile – Europe
is primarily urbanized,
therefore, it’s population is
very dense.
Population
Europe’s average population
density is 264 per sq.mile.
To what is population
distribution closely related?
What else determines
population density?
Ancient
Greece
Roman Empire
Italian City-States
Reformation
Nationalism
Industrial Revolution
WWI, WWII, Holocaust
Cold War
Balkan Conflict
History
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European Civilizations
Lascaux Cave contains paintings of
prehistoric life dating back to 15,000
B.C.
The development of farming, early
Europeans no longer had to move in
search of food… thus the start of
village life. (6000 B.C. - 3000 B.C.)
Civilization
Civilization began on the
Aegean Islands, east of
present-day Greece 3000B.C.
to 1400 B.C.
Describe Greeks, Etruscans,
and Romans.
More Civilization
Trade and Colonization
Define and explain the impact
of feudalism, the Crusades,
the Renaissance, and the
Reformation on European
history.
In the 1500s and 1600s trade
with Africa and Asia and the
colonization of the Americas
and Australia brought great
wealth, power and influence
to European nations.
Changing Europe
Changing Europe
1700s to the 1900s, economic and political
revolutions swept over Europe. Wars in
Europe not only changed the map of
Europe but the balance of power in the
world.
Identify and describe the Industrial
Revolution and the social problems that
resulted.
Explain the connection between WWI and
WWII.
In the 1980s reform movements swept
through Europe. Former communist
countries demanded more freedom.
(Poland, Hungary, East Germany,
Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia)
Germany was united and the Wall came
down.
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United Europe
The European
Community formed in
1958. Europe as a
single economic unit
forming a single market
for their resources. By
1995 the European
Union grew to 15
Western European
nations.
Early EU Member Nations
European Union
The
European Union is a group of nations
who work together to bring the people of
Europe together.
The EU promotes balanced and
sustainable economic and social progress.
The EU wants a common defense.
It wants to develop cooperation on
matters of justice.
New EU Member Nations
Austria
Italy
Belgium
Luxembourg
Estonia
Romania
Denmark
The
Latvia
Bulgaria
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
The United
Kingdom
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
EU Wannabes
Serbia
and other Balkan
countries
Turkey
Lithuania
Poland
Czech
Rep.
Slovakia
Hungary
EU FACTS
Germany
– largest, most influential
Denmark – smallest
Belgium – EU offices in Brussels
Italy – financial stability in question
Greece – one of poorest nations in EU
The Netherlands – EU judicial offices
there
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HISTORY of the EU
The
idea for the EU began after WWII to
help Europe economically.
It has brought 15 nations and over 370
million people together.
The first members pooled their coal and
steel industries.
It began in January 1993 with treaties for
agriculture, trade, competition, transport.
Proposes
policies and legislation
EU
treaties
Functions
Debates issues of public
importance
Interprets EU law
Monitors financial activity
Represents employers,
employees, and groups such as
farmers and consumers
Represents local and regional
interests
Implements
Use
The EU is one of the world’s largest
trading partners with diplomatic
relations with over 130 nations. It is
also trying to help Eastern Europe
develop economically.
The EU also maintains special trade
relationships with developing nations in
Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific.
of common currency, the
EURO, began in January 2000.
12 European nations adopted the
euro.
Britain, Switzerland, Norway,
Sweden, and Denmark will
continue using their own currency.
The euro is nationality neutral
with coins that reflect each
nation’s history.
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