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Do Now – 5 Minutes
Topic – Geologic Time Scale Presentations –
Day 3 of 3
• If you did not turn in your food
permission slip yesterday, or your
Geologic Time Scale Lab, take them out
to be collected.
• Otherwise, take out your presentation
assignment.
• Neogene Period – please prepare to
present
Homework
Geologic Time Scale Lab (2 Days late)
Food permission slip (1 Day late)
Turn in the Ebola Outbreak Article
(5 Days Late)
Turn in your Planetary Neighbors Worksheet
(3 Days Late)
Geologic Time Scale Project
(Presentations begin TODAY)
Send Me your Presentations!
Larry and Harvard
Permian Period
Ordovician Period
Received its name from the name of the rocks
that formed during that period.
Ordovician rocks are distinct from other rocks
because they occur at the highest elevations
on Earth – such as Mt. Everest
Ordovician Period occurred 488.3 Mya –
443.7 Mya (about 45 million years)
Ordovician Period
Most of Earth’s continents were gathered in
Gondwana (Africa, South America, Antarctica
and Australia) – in the Southern Hemisphere.
A few others made up the smaller continent of
Laurentia (North America)
Ordovician Period
During this time, Earth was very warm and
wet, and ocean levels rose as high as 1,970 ft.
above where they are today.
However, once Gondwana reached the South
Pole, massive glaciers formed over
Gondwana’s center, which shrank the ocean
levels, causing a lot of marine life to die off
during a 20 Million year-long ice age.
Ordovician Period
The atmosphere was rich in CO2 as compared
to now (14 – 16 times higher), due to a high
amount of volcanic activity.
As a result, the world warmed and many
storms formed.
However, as previously mentioned, once
Gondwana reached the South Pole, CO2 draw
down occurred, which decreased the
temperature of the world.
Ordovician Period
The Ordovician Period was rich with marine
life.
Such creatures were…
Ordovician Period
Trilobites
Ordovician Period
Conodonts
Ordovician Period
Cephalopods
Ordovician Period
Gastropods
Ordovician Period
Corals
Ordovician Period
Horseshoe Crabs
Ordovician Period
In terms of plants, there were many forms of
Sponges
Ordovician Period
And…
Algae
Ordovician Period
There is also evidence that land plants began
to make their way to the shores during the
Ordovician Period.
Ordovician Period
However, due to the change in temperature
and formation of glaciers, the second-largest
extinction event occurred on Earth: a
20-million year-long ice age occurred.
60% of all marine invertebrate life went extinct
and 25% of all biological families perished
towards the end of the Ordovician Period.
Aquatic reefs collapsed and ocean levels
became more shallow as ice began to form –
making it difficult for the shallow waterdwelling creates to survive.
Silurian Period
The great extinction event that took place at
the end of the Ordovician period marks the
beginning of the Silurian Period.
The Silurian Period gets its name from a
section of rock strata that were studied in
Wales. A British geologist named Sir Roderick
Impey Murchison named the period of rocks
after the Silures – a Celtic tribe in Wales.
However Silures did not inhabit the land where
Silurian rock was – he just named it after that.
Silurian Period
The Silurian Period started 443.7 Mya and
ended 416.0 Mya (27.7 Million years)
During this period of time, the large glacial
formations that were created during the
Ordovician period melted, which caused a rise
in ocean levels.
The climate began to stabilize during this
period of time, giving life a chance to flourish.
Silurian Period
During this time, Gondwana traveled further
towards the south pole of the Earth.
Silurian Period
Siberia, Baltica, and Laurentia were more
located around the equator.
Silurian Period
At the end of the Silurian Period, Baltica and
Laurentia collided, which formed a new
supercontinent: Euramerica.
Silurian Period
With the warming of the planet came a period
where greenhouse gases formed.
These gases warmed the planet to points
even warmer than the Ordovician and
Devonian eras.
As a result, freshwater formations began to
occur, so aquatic life was not restricted to
living in the ocean.
Silurian Period
Not all animals from the Ordovician Period
went extinct – some of our old friends
survived.
Silurian Period
Coral reefs, during the Silurian Period, thrived
in Earth’s new climate.
Silurian Period
The Silurian Period also marked the first time
freshwater fish and fish with jaws existed.
Silurian Period
During this time the first aquatic animals
began to transition living on the land.
Relatives of centipedes and spiders were
some of the first creatures to live on land.
Silurian Period
Some of the first plants with a vascular system
began to evolve during this time period as
well.
These plants lacked leaves, but plants could
now begin to grow larger and outside of the
ocean.
Cooksonia
Silurian Period
Another example is from the baragwanthia
plant.
Silurian Period
Not too many major geological events
happened on Earth during this time.
Most notably and substantially was the
collision of Baltica and Laurentia, which
created the mountain ranges that exist in
North America and Northern Europe.
Geologic Time Scale Quiz
Mr. S and I will now pass out a quiz for you to
take regarding all of the notes you took.
This is an open-note quiz.
You have until the end of the class to finish
the quiz.