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HIST 2311 ROMAN CIVILIZATION Early Republic (c. 753-133 BCE) patricians, plebeians patron-client system senate, consul pontifex maximus Struggle of the Orders tribune Law of the Twelve Tables (451-449 BCE) nobiles jus civile, jus gentium, jus naturale Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) Late Republic (c. 133-44 BCE) optimates, populares Tiberius, Gaius Gracchus Marius (“new man”) v. Sulla Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) Imperial Rome: pax Romana Principate: Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE) Jesus of Nazareth (c. 4 BCE-30 CE) Paul of Tarsus (c. 10-65) "five good emperors" (96-180) apostolic succession Gnosticism Manicheism Diocletian (r. 284-305): Tetrarchy Constantine (r. 306-337) Imperial church Arianism Council of Nicaea (325) Ambrose of Milan (c. 339-397) Jerome (c. 345-420): Vulgate Theodosius (r. 379-395) Petrine Doctrine REVIEW II Jenkins Augustine of Hippo (354-430) On the City of God The Rule of St. Benedict “Germanic” peoples Anglo-Saxons Ostrogoths - Theodoric (r. 493-526) Franks: Clovis (r. 485-511), Merovingians Lombards HEIRS OF ROME Byzantine Empire Justinian's Code iconoclastic controversy (726-843) Islam Muhammad (c. 570-632): Qur'an Hijra Pillars of Islam Sunnis, Shi'ites Cordoba: Islamic Renaissance (c. 790-c. 1050) Western kingdoms Irish monasticism: Synod of Whitby (664) Pope Gregory I (r. 590-604) EARLY MIDDLE AGES Carolingians “mayor of the palace”: Charles Martel Boniface (680-754) Charlemagne (768-814) missi dominici, counts Carolingian Renaissance (c. 790-c. 900) vassalage, fiefs (feudalism) Vikings Alfred the Great (r. 871-899) writs, shires Ottonians: royal/lay investiture