Download Cell Processes and Energy

Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Table of Contents
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4.1 Photosynthesis
4.2 Respiration
4.3 Cell Division
4.4 Cell Differentiation
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
1. All living things are made of
a. tissues.
b. muscles.
c. cells.
d. chemicals.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
1. All living things are made of
a. tissues.
b. muscles.
c. cells.
d. chemicals.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Scientists observe the details of cells
a. with their bare eyes.
b. through microscopes.
c. through telescopes.
d. in petri dishes.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Scientists observe the details of cells
a. with their bare eyes.
b. through microscopes.
c. through telescopes.
d. in petri dishes.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Unlike animal cells, many plant cells contain
a. chloroplasts.
b. mitochondria.
c. cytoplasm.
d. DNA.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Unlike animal cells, many plant cells contain
a. chloroplasts.
b. mitochondria.
c. cytoplasm.
d. DNA.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Genetic information in plant and animal cells is in the cell’s
a. chloroplasts.
b. membrane.
c. nucleus.
d. walls.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Genetic information in plant and animal cells is in the cell’s
a. chloroplasts.
b. membrane.
c. nucleus.
d. walls.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
How do cells obtain the energy they need to carry
out all their functions?
Hummingbirds feed on the nectar
produced by flowers. Nectar is a
sweet liquid composed largely of
carbohydrates. What does nectar
provide for the cells of the
hummingbird?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Greek Word Origins
Prefix
auto-
Meaning
self
Example Word
autotroph An organism that
makes food for itself
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Greek Word Origins
Prefix
hetero-
Meaning
other, different
Example Word
heterotroph An organism
that depends on other
organisms for food
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Greek Word Origins
Prefix
kinesis
Meaning
motion
Example Word
cytokinesis During cell division, the
process in which a cell’s cytoplasm
divides and organelles move into
the two new cells that form
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Apply It!
The Greek word trophe means “food.” What two key terms in the table
come from this Greek word? How does the meaning of each of these
words put two Greek words together?
Sample: I see from the table that both autotroph and heterotroph
contain the Greek word trophe, with the final e dropped.)
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
End of Chapter
Preview
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 1: Photosynthesis
How does the sun supply living things with the
energy they need?
What happens during the process of
photosynthesis?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Sources of Energy
Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or
indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during
photosynthesis.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
The Two Stages of Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, plants and some other
organisms use energy from the sun to convert
carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
The Photosynthesis Process Activity
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access Active Art about the photosynthesis process.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Photosynthesis
Click the Video button to watch a movie about
photosynthesis.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
End of Section:
Photosynthesis
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 2: Respiration
What events occur during respiration?
What is fermentation?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Two Stages of Respiration
During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules
such as sugar and release the energy they contain.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Photosynthesis and Respiration
You can think of photosynthesis and respiration as opposite
processes.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Links on Cellular Respiration
Click the SciLinks button for links on cellular respiration.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Respiration
Click the Video button to watch a movie
about respiration.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
End of Section:
Respiration
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 3: Cell Division
What events take place during the three
states of the cell cycle?
How does the structure of DNA help account
for the way in which DNA copies itself?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Mitosis
During mitosis, the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.
One copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two
daughter cells.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
The Cell Cycle
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Cell Cycle Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and
access Active Art about the cell cycle.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Length of the Cell Cycle
How long does it take for a cell
to go through one cell cycle? It
all depends on the cell. A human
liver cell, for example, completes
one cell cycle in about 22 hours,
as shown in the graph. Study the
graph and then answer the
following questions.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Length of the Cell Cycle
Reading Graphs:
What do the three curved
arrows outside the circle
represent?
The longest curved arrow
represents the cell’s
interphase; the shortest
represents cytokinesis; and
the middle one represents
mitosis.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Length of the Cell Cycle
Reading Graphs:
In what stage of the cell cycle
is the wedge representing
growth?
Interphase
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Length of the Cell Cycle
Interpreting Data:
In human liver cells, how long
does it take DNA replication
to occur?
10 hours
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Length of the Cell Cycle
Drawing Conclusions:
In human liver cells, what
stage in the cell cycle takes
the longest time?
Interphase
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Structure of DNA
The DNA molecule, supported by proteins, is
shaped like a twisted ladder.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Replication of DNA
Because of the way in which the nitrogen bases pair with one
another, the order of the bases in each new DNA molecule
exactly matches the order in the original DNA molecule.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
End of Section:
Cell Division
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 4:
Cell Differentiation
What is differentiation?
What factors influence how and when cells
differentiate within different organisms?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Specialized Cells
Leaf cell
Undifferentiated
plant cell
Plants have undifferentiated
cells in their stems and roots
that can give rise to different
kinds of cells.
Transport cell
Root cell
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
End of Section:
Cell Differentiation
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
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