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INSECT TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY By Madison Persky Insect Orders Ephemeroptera Orthiptera Diptera Odonata Phasmida Siphonoptera Blattaria Hemiptera Hymenoptera Isoptera Coleoptera Mantodea Dermatptera Lepidoptera Plecoptera Ephemeroptera • 2 pair of membranous wings • Hind wings much smaller than the forewings • Short, fine antennae • Mandibulate mouthparts • Tip of abdomen usually with 3 very long Odonata • Odonata are an order of aquatic palaeopterous insects. • Adult odonates are medium to large in size, often conspicuous and/or brightly colored insects and are aerial predators hunting by sight. • found at or near fresh water although some species roam widely and may be found far from their breeding sites. • The larvae are predatory, aquatic and occur in all manner of inland waters Blattaria • eggs usually contained in ootheca • • leathery forewings. • • male genitalia asymmetrical • • cerci variable, with one or more segments Isoptera • eusocial, with reproductives, soldiers, and workers of both sexes. • • wings with basal sutures allowing them to be shed • • external genitalia rudimentary or lacking Dermatptera • an order of insects that comprises the earwigs Orthiptera • an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, etc. • have a saddle-shaped thorax, hind legs that are typically long and modified for jumping, and a characteristic song that the male produces by stridulation Phasmida • Phasmida are variable in appearance, ranging from relatively generalized forms, to some that are wonderful mimics of sticks and/or leaves. • They display varying degrees of brachyptery, and can be winged or wingless. Hemiptera • • Piercing or sucking mouthparts appearing as a sharply pointed tube known as a proboscis or rostrum, which extends from the underside of the head • •Compound eyes of various forms • • Antennae vary and may be either short, or long and conspicuous • • 2 pairs of wings, although some species may be wingless and others have only forewings. Coleoptera • Is the hardened forewings (elytra) six legs and antennae • In some cases the forewings are reduced Lepidoptera • the second largest order of insects and consists of butterflies and moths. • There are 135 families that contain over 110,000 species Diptera • One pair of membranous wings • •Hind wings are reduced to small club like structures called halteres. • • Sucking mouthparts, sometimes adapted for piercing e.g. mosquitoes • •large compound eyes • •short simple antennae, frilled or bushy in mosquitoes and crane flies Siphonoptera • •Laterally compressed bodies • •Piercing-sucking mouthparts • •Enlarged hind legs adapted for jumping • •Strong tarsal claws adapted for holding onto their hosts • •Backward pointing hairs and bristles for ease of movement through the hair of a host • •Small antennae which tuck away into special groves in the head Hymenoptera • •Two pairs of membranous wings, although some may be wingless such as some species of female wasps and the worker caste of ants • • The forewings are larger than the hind wings and are held together by small hooks (see below) • • Females usually have a hardened ovipositor, which may be modified for sawing, piercing or stinging • •Compound eyes, usually large Mantodea • Relatively large, elongate insects up to several inches long. • Typical features include triangular heads with large compound eyes set on either side and usually three ocelli in between(6); • very flexible articulation between the head and prothorax providing great mobility and allowing a mantid to "look over its shoulder"(7); • raptorial forelegs used to capture prey Plecoptera • Trinotoperla species • •Elongated, flattened, soft body • •2 pairs of membranous wings that are held curved around the body at rest. Some species are wingless while others have reduced wings • • Hind wings slightly wider than forewings • •Long legs • •Mandibulate mouthparts • •2 cerci at tip of abdomen The End!