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8-2 Earth’s History PASS Study Guide Geologic Time Scale: 1. The order of time divisions from biggest to smallest is… EONS, ERAS, PERIODS, AND EPOCH Using Geologic Time Scale: Natural Selection: 1.1.What longest era?have PALEOZOIC Whatis3the things a species to do illustrate natural selection? SURVIVE, REPRODUCE, 2. What is the shortest era? CENZOIC AND CHANGE OVER TIME OR EVOLVE 3. Each ends withfor what? ZOIC Whatera is the saying natural selection? SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST 4.2.Did the Geologic Time end? NO Why do the birds have different beaks below? THE BIRDS HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF 5. Cenozoic is the only eraBIRD’S that contains BEAKS BECAUSE EACH BEAK IS EPOCHS_. SHAPED BASED ON THE TYPE OF FOOD THEY EAT. 6.3.Which era is the most diverse era and why?OVER CENOZOIC IT CONTAINS MORE What is Evolution? WHEN SPECIES CHANGE TIME TOBECAUSE A MORE COMPLEX OR BETTER DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS. FORM 7.4.What does the geologic time scale THE GEOLOGIC CONTAINS What is Adaptation? A TRAIT THAT consist ALLOWSof? SPECIES TO SURVIVETIME AND SCALE REPRODUCE. AND EVENTS EARTH’S HISTORY. 5.LIFEFORMS Would a larger or GEOLOGIC smaller animal surviveOF with less food? Why? SMALLER BECAUSE THEY 8. What is the longest time frame on the geologic time scale? PRECAMBRIAN TIME (88%) EAT OR CONSUME LESS FOOD 9. What is the present day eon, era, period, and epoch we live in today? EON: 6. Names some traits that would help an animal to survive. CAMOFLAUGE, SHARP TEETH, PHANEROZOIC/ ERA: CENOZOIC/ PERIOD: QUATENARY/ EPOCH: HOLOCENE CLAWS, LONG NECK, WEBthe FEET, HORNS, AND ETC… 10. WhatSHARP destroyed the dinosaurs during Mesozoic Era? ASTEROIDS, COMETS, OR METEORS GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE FIRST APPEARED PRECAMBRIAN TIME PALEOZOIC MESOZOIC CENOZOIC AGE OF FISH OR TRILOBITES AGE OF REPTILESOR DINOSAURS AGE OF MAMMALS CYANOBACTERIA, EARTH FORMS, SOFT BODIED ANIMALS, AND INVERTERBRATES AMPHIBIANS, TRILOBITES, FISH, VERTEBRATES, REPTILES, SEEDED PLANTS (GYMNOSPERMS), AND INSECTS DINOSAURS, BIRDS, SMALL MAMMALS, FLOWERING PLANTS (ANGIOSPERMS), PANGEA FORMS AND SPLITS MAMMALS, HUMANS, MOST DIVERSE ERA, CONTINENTS FORM TRILOBITES, VERTEBRATES, AND FISH DINOSAURS, REPTILES, AND SEEDED PLANTS MAMMALS, HUMANS, AND BIRDS LOWERING OF SEA LEVELS, VOLCANIC ACTIVITY, AND CLIMATIC CHANGES ASTEROIDS, METEORS, OR COMETS NO MASS EXTINCTION BECAME DOMINANT MASS EXTINCTION ICE AGE /GLACIATION EVENTS Word Bank: Amphibians, Asteroid, Meteors, or Comets, Cyanobacteria, Birds, Dinosaurs, Climatic Changes, Earth Forms, Fish, Flowers (Angiosperms), Soft Bodied Animals, Humans, Ice Ages/Glaciations, Invertebrates, Trilobites, Volcanic Activity, Mammals, Pangaea Forms, Pangaea Breaks, Reptiles, Vertebrates, Lowering of Sea Levels, No Mass Extinction, Seeded Plants (Gymnosperms) Small mammals, Algae, Age of Mammals, Age of Fish/Trilobites, Age of Reptiles/Dinosaurs, Insects, Most Diverse Era Principle of Superposition: 1. What is the law of superposition? THE LAW OF SUPERPOSTION STATES THAT THE YOUNGEST LAYER IS ON TOP AND THE OLDEST LAYER IS AT THE BOTTOM. 2. What is the order of the rock layers from oldest to youngest? A, D, E, B, C 3. Give 5 facts about an index fossil. MUST BE EXTINCT, ONLY LIVES FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME, TELLS THE RELATIVE AGE OF ROCKS, UNIQUE, AND WIDESPREAD 4. What type of rock is shown below? SEDIMENTARY 5. Name the 2 intrusions. C AND E 6. Draw a fault that is older than A,D, and E but younger than B and C. Fossil Types Vocabulary: 1. ___MOLD__________ are cavities in the shape of an organism, such as a shell. 2. __INDEX FOSSILS__________ are fossils of organisms that lived a short time and were abundant. 3. ___PETRIFIED________are formed when minerals replace the hard parts of an organism and turn into rock. 4. ___CAST___________are copies of an organism’s shape and it fills in the mold. 5. __PRESERVED________are formed when an organism is trapped in ROCK, ice, tar, or sap (amber). 6. ___CARBONIZED____ are when plant materials are trapped between rock and the carbon forms an imprint. 7. ___TRACE___are fossilized footprints, burrows, trails, or nests of an organism. Types of Extinctions: Write Manmade or Natural??? Asteroid N Acid Rain N Ice Age N Earthquake N Over Drought Harvesting N MM Hunting MM Strip Mining MM Climate Change N Global Warming N Land Overpopulation Global Damming Development Forest Fire MM Cooling Rivers MM BOTH N MM Pollution MM Tidal Wave N Smog MM Volcano N Farming MM