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Spirituality and Art Part 1 Deities Greek Mythology – Christian Bible Hindu and Buddhist scriptures Greek Mythology Zeus god of the sky, lightning, thunder, law order and justice Winged Nike of Samothrace (goddess of victory) 3th Century BCE Hellenistic Period Christian Bible Golden Madonna of Essen late 10th C Madonna Enthroned Giotto 1310 Christian Bible Wiligelmus Creation and Temptation of Adam & Eve 1110 Hindu deities The Hindus have three main deities – Brahma, the creator; Shiva, the destroyer; and Vishnu, the preserver seen in stone reliefs and bronze sculptures. There are also over 3 million other deities as well. Nataraja: Shiva as King of Dance Chola period 11th Century Vishnu Dreaming the Universe 6th Century Buddhist deities Symbolism throughout Buddhist temples includes Buddha & Bodhisattva figures. Buddha represents the enlightened one or spiritual leader, although Buddhists are nontheistic, or Bodhisattva, a person who has achieved Enlightenment. A dragon and phoenix symbol would represent the emperor and empress respectfully. Amida Buddha (humble & dynamic spirit) 12th Century 52.5” h Water & Moon Guanyin Bodhisattva Song Dynasty 1100 CE China Spiritual Beings and Ancestors Fertility goddesses Venus of Willendorf Mother of the Fruitful Breast 25,000 – 20,000 BCE Cypriot fertility goddess Stone 4 3/8” H 3000-2500 BCE Paleolithic - Austria 2000 BCE Babylonian Obelisks Obelisks usually represented a sun ray, yet they may also be a representation of a male phallic symbol, since these heavy stone pieces had to be “erected”. Man’s desire to reach towards the skies and his own penis being an important entity of virility, strength and prosperity. Obelisks may have led to phallic architecture. Obelisk of King Thutmose I of Karnak 1280 BCE granite Jean Nouvel Torre Agbar Barcelona, Spain 2005 African cultures Dogon people Primordial Couple Mali Fang people Male ancestor figure Cameroon Native American and Island cultures Rapa Nui people Moai Eskimo Moon goddess mask before 1900 (887 monolithic stone figures of ancestors) 1250-1500 Easter Island Native American sand painting Tibetian Buddhist Sand Mandala Both Buddhists and Hindus use symbolic mandalas. Connecting with the Gods Egyptian frescos Christian saints and mythological figures Victory Stele of Naram-Sin 2300-2200BCE Pink sandstone Naram-Sin was an Akkadian king who ruled central Mesopotamia around 2254-2218 BCE and was both a religious figure and a military leader. This relief stela commemorates his victory over the Lullubi people. Naram-sin’s close proximity to the rays of the sun god illustrates his own supreme and divine status in society. Egyptian frescos The Journey of the Sun God Re 990-969 BCE Maya Shield Jaguar & Lady Xoc 725 CE From a temple in Yaxchilán, Southern Mexico Now in the British Museum Depicts a bloodletting ritual Emperor Justinian I & His Attendants Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy 547CE Empress Theodora & Her Attendants Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna Church 547 CE Christian saints and mythological figures Gislebertus The Last Judgment west portal, Cathedral of Saint Lazare, France 1130 Gianlorenzo Bernini The Ecstasy of St Theresa 1645-1652 marble
