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The Rock Cycle Interactive Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ___________ Essential Question: How are rocks recycled? The Rock Cycle Diagram: A useful way to illustrate how the three main types of rock are related to one another and how changes to rocks happen in a recurring sequence is the rock cycle. How Rocks Change: The way rocks change depends on various processes that are always taking place on and under the earth's surface. Now let's take a closer look at each of these processes. The processes that change rocks are melting, cooling, weathering and erosion, compaction, cementation, heat and pressure. Melting: It takes a lot of heat to melt a rock. The rock is pulled down by movements in the earth's crust (subduction) and gets hotter and hotter as it goes deeper. It takes temperatures between 600 and 1,300 degrees Celsius (1,100 and 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit) to melt a rock, turning it into a substance called magma (molten rock). Cooling: Any rock that forms from the cooling of magma is an igneous rock. When magma rises from deep within the earth and explodes out of a volcano, it is called lava, and it cools quickly on the surface. Rock formed in this way is called extrusive igneous rock an example of this basalt rock. The kind of rock formed when magma cools slowly is called intrusive igneous rock. An example of an intrusive igneous rock is granite, contains quartz, feldspar, and mica. Weathering & Erosion: Weathering happens when rocks break. Water, wind, temperature changes, and chemicals wear rocks down and break them apart. The resulting pieces of rocks are called sediments. Sediment is then transported by wind and water, and living things, this process is called erosion. Weathering and erosion affect all rocks on the earth's surface. Compacting & Cementing: Sediments are formed from the weathering and erosion of rocks. Over time, sediments accumulates in oceans, lakes, and valleys, eventually building up in layers and weighing down (pressure) the material underneath. This weight presses the sediment particles together, compacting them. Water passing through the spaces in between the particles helps to cement them together even more. This process of compacting and cementing sediment forms sedimentary rock. Since sedimentary rocks are not subjected to heat, fossils can be found in some of them. Igneous and metamorphic rocks involve heat in their formation that is why no fossils can formed in them. Heat and Pressure: Rocks that sink deep into earth’ crust are subjected to extreme heat but the high pressure prevents them from melting. Heat and pressure change any type of rock into a metamorphic rock. Clarifying Questions: 1. What is the rock cycle? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the processes that change rocks? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What temperature is needed to melt a rock and turn it into magma? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why does it become hotter as you deeper into earth’s crust? Think! _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How is weathering different from erosion? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How are sediment s compacted? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Why are fossils found in some sedimentary rocks? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Why are there no fossils found in igneous and metamorphic rocks? Think! ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What kind of rock is formed from heat and pressure? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What kind of rock is formed from heating, melting in magma, cooling and crystallization? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why are rocks not melting deep in the earth’s crust? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Why does lava cool faster than magma? Think! ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Multiple choice: ___13. What are the three main types of rock? A. Igneous, pumice, basalt B. Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary ___14. What is a well-known igneous rock that contains quartz, feldspar, and mica? A. Basalt B. Granite ___15. Which type of rock is formed when molten magma or lava solidifies? A. Igneous B. Metamorphic C. Sedimentary ___16. What is an igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed by extreme pressure and heat? A. Limestone B. Conglomerate C. Granite D. Metamorphic ___17. Sediments that have been pressed together form which rock? A. Marble B. Sedimentary C. Pumice D. Limestone ___18. Rocks are recycled from one type of rock into another type of rock through the ____. A. plate tectonics B. rock cycle http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=Rock-Cycle-Quiz-1 http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html The Rock Cycle Interactive Key 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. B
