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B.6AB
DNA
Picture Vocabulary
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Phosphate
An element that is found as part of the
structural components of a nucleotide.
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Deoxyribose
A five-carbon sugar found as part of the
structural components of a nucleotide of DNA.
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Covalent Bond
A chemical bond in which a valence electron is
shared between two atoms; very strong bond
found between the molecules of nucleotides.
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Hydrogen Bond
A chemical bond formed between an atom
of hydrogen and an electronegative atom
such as F, N, or O; a weak bond found between
the nitrogen bases of the DNA molecule.
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Nitrogen Base
A nitrogen-containing molecule with
basic properties that is found in nucleic acids;
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil.
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Gene
A segment of DNA nucleotides that codes for a
specific protein to be produced and leads to the
expression of a hereditary trait or characteristic.
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Allele
One of the possible forms of a gene
that can occur in an individual.
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Double Helix
Two corkscrew-shaped strands that
connect to each other by hydrogen bonds;
forms the twisted ladder shape of DNA.
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Nucleic Acid
A biomolecule composed of nucleotides that
carries the genetic information of an organism.
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Nucleotide
The monomer of nucleic acids; composed of
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases.
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid
and composed of nucleotides; genetic material
in a single helix form.
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Chromosome
A linear strand of DNA that is
wrapped around protein structures;
carries the gene sequence of an organism.
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Amino Acid
The monomer of protein.
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Codon
Three adjacent nitrogen bases of
mRNA that code for an amino acid.
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Protein
A biomolecule composed of amino acids
connected by peptide bonds.
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Adenine
A purine base that pairs with thymine.
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Cytosine
A pyrimidine base that pairs with guanine.
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Guanine
A purine base that pairs with cytosine.
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Histone
A protein that DNA coils around to form chromatin.
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Thymine
A pyrimidine base that pairs with adenine
and is found only in DNA.
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Uracil
A pyrimidine base that pairs with adenine
and is found only in RNA.
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Genetic Material
Refers to nucleic acids; DNA and RNA.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid
and composed of nucleotides; genetic material
shaped like a double helix.
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