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LIPOSOMAL METHYL B WHAT IS LIPOSOMAL METHYL B? Liposomal Methyl B provides folate, B12, B6 and Trimethylglycine in their bio-active cofactor forms in an advanced liposomal delivery system. These essential nutrients are required for one of the most important pathways in the human body: Methylation. Liposomal Methyl B was designed to provide superior support for this pathway with 5methyltetrahydrofolate, methylcobalamin, and pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, the vitamer forms that participate in reactions at the cellular level. Liposomal Methyl B is a greattasting, fruit punch-flavored liquid supplement that is easy for any patient to incorporate into a daily protocol. WHY LIPOSOMAL METHYL B? Performance of a vitamin supplement is dependent upon two distinct factors: absorption and bioavailability. Liposomal Methyl B provides the best of both by providing activated forms of B-vitamins in a nano-technology liposomal delivery system. Though there are many B-vitamin products on the market, most use synthetic or inactive forms of vitamins B6, B12, and folate. These supplements must then be converted by the body via a series of reactions so they can actually be utilized. Liposomal Methyl B was developed to give the body a boost, not create extra work, which is why we only included the co-factor forms of these essential Bvitamins. www.desbio.com 469 Parkland Drive • Sandy, UT 84070 ph 801-563-7448 • fax 801-563-7455 Liposomal Methyl B Supplement Facts: Serving Size: ½ ml/10 drops Serving per Container: 60 Amount per serving % DV* Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal 5’-phosphate 2 mg 100% Folate (as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; 400 mcg 100% calcium folinate) Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin) 500mcg 8333% Phosphatidylcholine 45 mg † Trimethylglycine 34 mg † *Percent daily values (DV%) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet †Percent daily value not established LIPOSOMES: SUPERIOR NANODELIVERY Liposomes are the paramount transport system for delicate nutrients because they provide unsurpassed delivery. Liposomes are microscopic vesicles made up of phospholipids, the same structures that make up our cell membranes. These small, bubblelike complexes work to encapsulate nanoparticle sized nutrients, supporting their intact delivery directly to target cells. The unique structure of the liposome allows the encapsulated nutrient to bypass the digestive tract, allowing for mega-doses of nutrients even at moderate intake. 1 METHYLATION The co-factors in Liposomal Methyl B are involved in a series of reactions classified as methylation reactions, which are essential for neurological health, DNA replication, and cardiovascular health. Methylation means the donation of one or more carbon groups to a substrate. There are over 100 reactions in the body that are dependent on this pathway and impaired function has a direct link to numerous chronic diseases. One of the many important roles of methylation is to control gene expression, making it an essential part of genetic development and the prevention of diseases arising from genetic mutations. 2 Methylation and antioxidant function may the two most important pathways in disease prevention and anti-aging. Healthy functioning of methylation activity is dependent on a cyclical pathway, often referred to as the methylation pathway or the homocysteine pathway. Starting with the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine, this pathway produces s-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e), an important methyl donor. The cycle then completes with a series of reactions involving Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5’phosphate), vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin), folate (5’methyltetrahydrofolate) and trimethylglycine to regenerate methionine. Deficiency or abnormal activity of any of the co-factors or substrates involved in the pathway can directly result in impaired ability to perform methylation reactions as well as lead to elevated levels of the undesirable compound, homocysteine. Reactions dependent on methylation include: • • • • • • • • Production of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine DNA and RNA synthesis Gene expression Melatonin production Production of glutathione Production of phospholipids such as phosphotidylcholine Production of endothelial nitric oxide synthase for nitric oxide production Phase 2 Detoxification www.desbio.com 469 Parkland Drive • Sandy, UT 84070 ph 801-563-7448 • fax 801-563-7455 THE DANGERS OF HOMOCYSTEINE Homocysteine (HCY) is an amino acid formed at one step in the methylation pathway. In healthy individuals, HCY is regenerated to methionine via folate and vitamin B12 or converted to cysteine to form glutathione via vitamin B6. An interruption in any of these steps or a deficiency in any of the necessary B-vitamin cofactors can result in the pathway becoming stalled, causing an overabundance of circulating HCY. 3 High levels of HCY are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular dysfunction as well as other chronic diseases. HCY itself is an inflammatory molecule and may cause direct damage to vascular endothelium. In addition, elevated HCY has been correlated with dementia risk, but it is unclear if HCY is the root cause of the corresponding B-vitamin deficiencies. Supplementation with folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and trimethylglycine, such as that provided in Liposomal Methyl B, has been shown to be an effective method for reducing HCY levels in multiple studies, greatly reducing the risk of the associated conditions. 4 5- METHYL TETRAHYDROFOLATE (FOLATE) Liposomal Methyl B provides only the bioactive form of folate: 5’-methyl tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). Sometimes referred to as levomefolic acid, this is the form of folate that participates in reactions at the cellular level. Supplemental forms of folic acid as well as food sources of folate must be enzymatically converted to this form by the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. It is estimated that 10 – 40% of the population carry genetic mutations that may interfere with this enzyme’s activity. Impaired methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase function is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular events and certain cancers, since these patients have limited ability to perform endogenous reactions involving folate. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study of liver transplant recipients treated for 8 weeks with 5-MTHF (1 mg) vs. folic acid (1 mg) vs. placebo in an 8-week trial, 5-MTHF was found to be significantly more potent than folic acid at lowering elevated homocysteine levels. 5 Along with low bioavailability, further issues have come to light regarding other types of folate, particularly folic acid. This synthetic form of folate is artificially added to many grain and refined products in the United States with the intention of helping to prevent devastating birth defects known as neural tube defects. Unfortunately, there may be some risks associated with the excessive intake of folic acid. Since vitamin B12 regenerates folate, high dose folic acid can actually mask a B12 deficiency. In addition, a 2009 study published in The Journal of the American Medical Association found that high dose supplementation with folic acid among patients with heart disease had a significant increase in cancer, particularly lung cancer. 6 There also appears to be a connection between high-dose folic acid supplementation and prostate cancer risk in men. 7 In addition, since the introduction of fortification with folic acid, an increase in colorectal cancer has been observed in the US and other countries with similar guidelines. Many researchers believe there could be a connection. 8 METHYLCOBALAMIN (VITAMIN B12) Vitamin B12, as methylcobalamin, is essential for the regeneration of 5-MTHF in the methylation pathway. While many products offer vitamin B12 at high doses, the form of www.desbio.com 469 Parkland Drive • Sandy, UT 84070 ph 801-563-7448 • fax 801-563-7455 vitamin B12 is crucial to ensure your patients are receiving the benefits. Most commercial products use cyanocobalamin, which is a synthetic form not utilized in any natural endogenous reactions. Vitamin B12 is predominately found in animal products, making inadequate intake of special concern in vegans and vegetarians. Absorption of dietary vitamin B12 is unique because it is dependent upon intrinsic factor. This glycoprotein is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach and often declines in patients with digestive issues, who have undergone gastric surgery (such as a bypass), and in the elderly. If unnoticed, B12 deficiency can lead to neurological decline and a specific form of anemia known as pernicious anemia, named for its insidious onset. Since liposomal methylcobalamin bypasses normal digestive processes, taking vitamin B12 in this form can help correct deficiencies even when normal absorptive mechanisms are impaired. In patients with low intrinsic factor, oral sublingual supplementation with B12 has been found to be a comparable alternative to injection therapy. 9 TRIMETHYLGYLCYINE Trimethylglycine (TMG) is also often referred to as betaine. This often under-utilized nutrient has been shown to help reduce plasma homocysteine levels as well as protect the health of the liver. 10 TMG has also shown a strong ability to increase SAM-e production, indicating that it may have positive effects on mood and energy levels. The trimethylglycine in Liposomal Methyl B in combination with the B-vitamin co-factors provides added support for the entire methylation pathway. PYRIDOXAL 5’-PHOSPHATE (VITAMIN B6) • Vitamin B6 as the active co-factor pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (P 5’-P) is responsible for numerous reactions involved in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins. P 5’-P acts as a co-factor for enzymes in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA. P 5’-P also plays many essential roles in metabolism, including the synthesis and release of glucose from glycogen and gluconeogenesis. Other roles of B6 include hemoglobin and heme synthesis. 11 When providing vitamin B6 as P 5’-P, the body benefits from receiving the active form as opposed the pyridoxine form which would need to be converted by the liver to perform most active functions. 12 • PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE Phosphatidylcholine makes up the outermost layer of the liposome complex utilized in Liposomal Methyl B. Also known as lecithin, phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant of the phospholipids making up our cell membranes. Intake of phosphatidylcholine has been associated with supporting brain health as well as preventing age-related memory loss. 13 Phosphatidylcholine has also been shown to reduce plasma homocysteine levels, indicating that it may play a role in supporting the healthy function of the methylation pathway. 14 WHO MAY BENEFIT FROM LIPOSOMAL METHYL B? • • Patients seeking a stimulant-free way to improve mood and energy levels Women of child-bearing age and those who wish to become pregnant www.desbio.com 469 Parkland Drive • Sandy, UT 84070 ph 801-563-7448 • fax 801-563-7455 • • • • Patients who may have poor nutrient absorption due to gastric atrophy or surgery Patients with elevated homocysteine levels Patients wishing to preserve cognitive health with age Vegans or vegetarian patients who may have low dietary intake of vitamin B12 Patients suffering from emotional lows or poor energy levels Patients who have been diagnosed with impaired activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase PROTOCOL As a dietary supplement take 1 serving (10 drops) per day or as directed by your healthcare professional. Can be used as needed for an energy and mood boost. May be recommended with: • • • • • Elevate RxS Focus RxS Vascuflow RxS DesBio Comprehensive Detoxification Kit The hA2cg Evolution Weight Management Program REFERENCES 1 2 http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-a-Liposome.aspx Phillips, T. (2008) The role of methylation in gene expression. Nature Education 1(1) Groff JL, Gropper SS, Hunt SM. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. West Publishing Company, New York, 1995. PMID:9100089glu 3 Coen DA Stehouwer, Coen van Guldener (2001). "Homocysteine-lowering treatment: an overview." Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2 (9): 1449–1460. 4 5 Ako et al. The folic acid metabolite L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate effectively reduces total serum homocysteine level in orthotopic liver transplant recipients: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;62(6):796-801.). 6 Ebbing, M. et al. Cancer Incidence and Mortality After Treatment With Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 JAMA. 2009;302(19):2119-2126 Figueiredo, JC; et al. Folic Acid and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, (2009). 101 (6): 432–5. 7 Hirsch S, et al.Colon cancer in Chile before and after the start of the flour fortification program with folic acid. Eur J Gastronererol Hepatol 2009 Apr;21(4):436-9. 8 Hans, B, et al. Oral Treatment of Pernicious Anemia with high doses of vitamin b12 without intrinsic factor. Acta Medica Scandinavica Volume 184, Issues 1-6 pages 247–258, January/December 1968. 9 10 Steenge GR, et al. Betaine supplementation lowers plasma homocysteine in healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2003 May;133(5):1291-5. Groff JL, Gropper SS, Hunt SM. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. West Publishing Company, New York, 1995. PMID:9100089glu 11 Lichtstein HC, Gunsalus IC, Umbreit WW (1945). "Function of the vitamin B6 group; pyridoxal phosphate (codecarboxylase) in transamination." J Biol Chem. 161 (1): 311-20. PMID 21005738. 12 Therapeutic applications of citicoline for stroke and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev. 2004. 13 14Margreet R Olthof, et al. Choline supplemented as phosphatidylcholine decreases fasting and postmethionine-loading plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr July 2005 vol. 82 no. 1 111-117. www.desbio.com 469 Parkland Drive • Sandy, UT 84070 ph 801-563-7448 • fax 801-563-7455