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Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ East Africa Section 1 MAIN IDEAS 1. East Africa’s physical features range from rift valleys to plains. 2. East Africa’s climate is influenced by its location and elevation, and the region’s vegetation includes savannas and forests. Key Terms and Places rift valley places on Earth’s surface where the crust stretches until it breaks Great Rift Valley the largest rift on Earth, made up of two rifts—the eastern rift and the western rift Mount Kilimanjaro the highest mountain in Africa Serengeti Plain one of Tanzania’s largest plains, home to abundant wildlife Lake Victoria Africa’s largest lake and the source of the White Nile drought period when little rain falls, and crops are damaged Section Summary Show your work!! PHYSICAL FEATURES The landscape of East Africa is varied and a home to diverse and abundant wildlife. Rift valleys cut from north to south across the region. Rift walls are often steep cliffs that can rise as much as 6,000 feet. The Great Rift Valley is made up of two rifts. East Africa has many volcanic mountains. The tallest of these is Mount Kilimanjaro. Although the mountain is located near the equator, its peak is covered with ice and snow. Another area of high elevation is the Ethiopian Highlands. Some areas of East Africa are flat plains. The Serengeti Plain in Tanzania is one of the largest. Many kinds of wildlife live here, including elephants, giraffes, lions, and zebras. Tanzania established much of the plain as a national park. A number of rivers and lakes are found in East Africa. The Nile is the world’s longest river. It begins in East Africa. Then it flows north to the Mediterranean Sea. The source of the White Nile is Lake Victoria. The Blue Nile begins in the What is surprising about Mount Kilimanjaro? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Underline examples of wildlife that can be found on the Serengeti Plain. Circle the name of the world’s longest river. Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 154 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued Ethiopian Highlands. Both rivers meet in Sudan to form the Nile. Lake Victoria is Africa’s largest lake, but many other lakes also lie along the rift valleys. Some of these lakes are extremely hot or salty. CLIMATE AND VEGETATION East Africa has a variety of climate and vegetation. Latitude and elevation affect climate. For example, areas near the equator receive heavy rains. Farther from the equator, the weather is drier. When little rain falls, droughts can occur. During a drought, crops fail, cattle die, and people begin to starve. There have been severe droughts in East Africa. The climate south of the equator is tropical savanna. In savannas, plants include tall grasses and scattered trees. The rift floors have grasslands and thorn shrubs. Plateaus and mountains are found north of the equator. They have a highland climate and thick forests. The highlands receive a lot of rainfall. The mild climate makes farming possible. Many people live in the highlands. Forests are found at higher elevations. East of the highlands and on the Indian Ocean coast, the elevation is lower. Desert and steppe climates are found here. Vegetation is limited to shrubs and grasses. CHALLENGE ACTIVITY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Critical Thinking: Making Generalizations Write aXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX booklet for tourists to read before they embark on aXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX helicopter tour of East Africa. What might they find most interesting about the region? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Underline the name of Africa’s largest lake. What happens during a drought? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Circle the reasons that farming is possible in the highlands. Look at page 402-403 in your book. Write a few sentences as to why you would or would not want to visit the Serengeti. RECORD YOUR ANSWER ON THE NEXT PAGE!!!!!! Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 155 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued Blue Nile drought Ethiopian Highlands Great Rift Valley White Nile Lake Victoria Mount Kilimanjaro rift valley savanna Serengeti Plain DIRECTIONS Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the word in the word pair that best completes the sentence. 1. _____________________are formed when two tectonic plates move away from each other, stretching and breaking Earth’s crust. (Savannas/Rift valleys) 2. The ________________________ receives water from the Ethiopian Highlands. (Blue Nile/White Nile) 3. ___________________________is the highest point in Africa. (Lake Victoria/Mount Kilimanjaro) 4. The _____________________ in Tanzania is home to a great variety of wildlife. (Serengeti Plain/Great Rift Valley) 5. During a _____________________, little rain falls, and crops and animals die as a result. (savanna/drought) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX DIRECTIONS Look up the words in the word bank in a dictionary. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Write the dictionary definition of the word that is closest to the XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX definition used in your textbook. Write your answer from the previous page here! ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 156 Guided Reading Workbook