Download Section 4 Betulaceae

Ecological Flora of the
Central Chilterns
Section 4: Betulaceae
Tongue gall on unripe alder cone
Tony F Marshall, M.A. (Cantab.)
August 2014
Family: Betulaceae (Birches)
4.1
Silver birch Betula pendula
This tree grows commonly and seeds readily across our area, even on
the clays, although its more natural substrate is drier sandy soil and
it is infrequent on chalk. It colonises heathland particularly quickly.
It was an early immigrant following the retreat of the glaciers at the
end of the Ice Age. Like the plane-tree, the peeling outer layers of
bark help it withstand pollution, so it does well in built-up areas.
Identification The peeling silver paper-thin layers composing the
outer bark make it a very familiar tree, although care has to be taken
to distinguish introduced American poplars. Saplings have a reddish
bark. As an older tree it loses its whiteness at the base of the trunk
as the bark becomes deeply furrowed and rugged, although it does
not reach any great age or bulk. The ultimate twigs are very slender
and hang down (hence pendula). The leaves are small, oval, longpointed, with uneven serration that tends to alternate smaller and
larger teeth (bi-serrate). The flowers are catkins that produce
copious tiny winged seeds spreading all too effectively in the wind.
Notable sites It has a presence in almost all our woods, but is rarely
a defining or dominant tree. An exception is Sandwich Wood, Little
Kingshill, where, after clearance of planted timber, it became the
dominant colonising species, even more than ash, and now in parts
forms a dense uniform birch-wood. The soil is a very sandy clay (as
reflected in the name of the wood). The ground flora contains many
plants and fungi rare in this region, typical of acid soils, such as hard
fern and oval sedge, which must be survivors from earlier open
woodland. This wood may well have been managed as wood-pasture by
the monks of Missenden Abbey in medieval times. Nearby is
Birchmore Wood (now predominantly beech), which was at the edge
of Wycombe Heath before it was enclosed and largely built over. It
is likely that birch was a major component of such heaths and
commons in our area before the enclosures, at least on the sandier
clays typical of parts of the Prestwood and Kingshill region.
NVC In the NVC silver birch is shown as occurring at low frequencies
in most woodland types. The exception is W16 oak/birch/wavy hairgrass woodland, confined to very acid soils in the southern lowlands.
Sandwich Wood, as it was, and as it is now again developing, would
probably fit this profile.
Galls The most obvious gall on birches is a large ball of proliferating
twiglets hanging in the tree and particularly conspicuous in winter, a
“witches’ broom” caused by the fungus Taphrina betulina, common
across the area. 17 other gall-causers are known, as befits the tree’s
long-standing as a native. Six of these have so far been recorded
locally: two mites Aceria lissonota and Cecidophyopsis betulae, the
aphid Hamamelistes betulinus, & 3 gall-midges: Plemeliella betulicola,
Semudobia betulae & S. tarda. The last two gall the seeds and are
difficult to find, but are both common. In addition, the crown gall,
caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which affects
many different plants, creates lumpy swellings on birch trunks.
Mines Even more leaf-miners are known from Britain on birch (55).
Eleven recorded locally are: the agromyzid fly Agromyza alnibetulae;
the micro-moths Eriocrania salopiella, Ectoedemia minimella
(particularly common), E. occultella, Stigmella confusella, S. lapponica,
Caloptilia betulicola (the birch leaf roller), Parornix betulae,
Phyllocavella ulmifoliella, and Lyonetia clerkella; and the sawflies
Trunk of 30-year-old tree
Autumn leaves
Male catkins in pollen. Erect female flowers above
will later lengthen & droop as seed catkins
Scolioneura betuleti (autumn) and S. vicina (spring), the second a
recent immigrant, first seen in Ireland in 1942, having mines exactly
like the first, but in a different season.
Other ecological associates More species have been recorded in
association with birch in our area than with any other tree,
confirming its firm establishment at the heart of the local ecosystem, at least on the sandy clays. Most of these records are from
Sandwich Wood*, and/or the 30-year-old birch-tree in my garden in
Prestwood^. A few others are from other sites (eg Angling Spring
Wood, Lodge Wood) bordering the Prestwood-Kingshill plateau.
These associated species include: Large white-moss Leucobryum
glaucum. 34 fungi: Amanita citrina (including var.alba)*, A. fulva, A.
muscaria* (Fly Agaric, abundant in Sandwich Wood), A. rubescens*;
Clitocybe odora*; the webcaps Cortinarius anomalus*, C. delibutus*, C.
triumphans^ and C. violaceus*; Hebeloma crustuliniforme*^ (very
common); Laccaria laccata*, L. proxima*; Lactarius glyciosmus*, L.
pubescens^, L. rufus*, L. tabidus* (birch milkcap, abundant in
Sandwich Wood), L.torminosus^, L. turpis*, L. vietus”; Leccinum
roseofractum^, L. scabrum*^ (brown birch bolete), L. variicolor*, L.
versipelle (orange birch bolete, a particular feature of Sandwich
Wood); Lenzites betulinus (birch maze-gill); Paxillus involutus (brown
roll-rim, abundant under my birch tree, where it often forms fairy
rings); Piptoporus betulinus^ (birch polypore, whose brackets are
common on the older trees); Russula aeruginea^, R. betularum*^
(birch brittlecap), R. exalbicans^, R. fragilis, R. gracillima*;
Tricholoma fulvum (birch knight); Melampsoridium betulinum^ (birch
rust); Nectria cinnabarina (coral spot on dead birchwood); and
Hypoxylon multiforme on fallen twigs.
6 plant-bugs, especially birch shield-bug Elasmostethus
interstinctus*^, Elasmucha grisea^, and Kleidocerys resedae^.
2 plant-hoppers, Oncopsis flavicollis and O. subangulata. 4 aphids.
Lacewing Wesmaelius betulinus^.
5 beetles: leaf-beetle Cryptocephalus bipunctatus, two weevils,
Deporaus betulae^ (a leaf roller) and Apion simile, and two found in
birch polypore brackets, Cis micans and C. setiger. Four other
beetles associated with birch were recorded before WWII, two of
them now Notable B, and may still exist.
12 micro-moths, most commonly Ypsolopha parenthesella and
Apotomis betuletana.
19 larger moths, most commonly Large emerald, Buff-tip^, Lime hawkmoth, Lesser swallow prominent, Broken-barred carpet^, Scalloped
hazel^, Pebble hook-tip^, Scarce Umber^ and Pale oak beauty^. I saw
the usually high-flying Orange underwing once at long grass beneath a
birch tree.
2 sawflies, Arge clavicornis and A. ustulata.
Redpolls are most likely to be seen in winter feeding on birch seeds.
Human associations According to Hooke (2010), individual trees were
rarely referenced in Anglo-Saxon place-names, although birchwoods
do so more commonly, no doubt due to the paucity of aged specimens.
It features, however, in folklore and its wood was used for timber,
young flexible branches for whips (hence "to birch"), and bundles of
long twigs for brooms. One of the first trees to come into leaf, it
acts as an early sign of spring.
Derivation From Anglo-Saxon berc, itself of ancient origin, as in the
Sanskrit bhūrja. The Latin betula has the same root.
4.2
Sandwich Wood, Little Kingshill - young birchwood
Birch polypore bracket
Mines of Ectoedemia occultella
Mine of Scolioneura vicans
4.3
Silver birch tree showing fine drooping twigs
Crown gall on birch
Downy birch Betula pubescens
There are no records for this species for our area in
Druce (1927), but recent records show it occurs quite
frequently in the wetter parts of woods on acidic clays
in small numbers, usually with silver birch. It does not
seem to be a heathland tree with us, as it is elsewhere.
All the specimens I have seen were young trees, so it
may be a recent immigrant or descended from planted
hybrids (x aurata), which are inseparable in the field.
Identification The leaves are more rounded and not
attenuate at the tip as in silver birch and are more
uniformly serrate, not bi-serrate. Young twigs and
leaf-stalks are densely downy, but this is soon lost with
age. The bark of older trees is greyish, not the bright
white of silver birch.
Notable sites Lodge Wood is the best place to look.
Ecological associates Basically the same as for silver
birch. Leaf-miners seen specifically on pubescens
locally are the moth Eriocrania cicatricella, the sawflies
Fenusa pumila and Scolioneura vicina, and the fly
Agromyza alnibetulae.
Downy birch leaves
4.4
Downy birch leaves with mines of Eriocrania cicatricella (left) & Fenusa pumila (centre)
Downy birch: mine of Agromyza alnibetulae
Hazel Corylus avellana
The familiar "nut-tree" seldom exceeds a large bush. It is ubiquitous in hedgerows and wood-edges on all soils, and
may also occur within woods and as part of scrub on chalk. It was usually coppiced in the past, either to form a
dense boundary or as a source of hazel poles, regularly re-cut on a cycle of up to 10 years, so that the boles may be
of great antiquity. It was one of the earliest colonising species after the last Ice Age, but numbers have probably
been increased by deliberate planting in hedgerows in early times for its fruit and coppice.
Identification The round leaves, typically 8-9cm across, although larger on new shoots, have attenuate tips and
short white hairs, more or less decumbent, above, and longer soft white hairs beneath on the veins. Twigs and
leaf-stalks have dense brown glandular hairs. The long male catkins develop towards the end of the year and
become bright yellow with pollen in our area about the beginning of February. The female flowers are much
smaller and inconspicuous apart from their bright red styles that emerge after pollen is shed, ensuring crossfertilisation. The nuts are encased in two densely white-hairy pale green bracts, hardly overlapping at the base
and exposing most of the nut, which ripens hazel-brown. Fully developed nuts typically 1.9cm long, 1.5cm wide.
Notable sites An old coppice stool of 3.6m girth was recorded by Edward Milner by the River Misbourne between
the Mobwell and Great Missenden. Former coppiced hazel hedges can be seen in many places, such as the track
past Andlows Farm and at the back of Binders Industrial Estate, Cryers Hill. It grows abundantly in scrub at
Prestwood Picnic Site; in the derelict old orchard beside Widmere Field, just south of the west end of Lodge Lane,
Prestwood; and in Rignall Wood.
Galls Of the six galls on hazel in Britain, half have been recorded locally: the mites Phyllocoptruta coryli, which
distorts the catkins, and Phytoptus avellanae, which enlarges axillary buds, and the fly Mikomya coryli.
Mines Twenty different leaf-miners are recorded in Britain, of which nine are known locally, all micro-moths.
Commonest of these in descending order of frequency are Phyllonorycter coryli (nut leaf blister moth), Stigmella
microtheriella, Ectoedemia minimella, Phyllonorycter nicellii, and Parornix devoniella.
Other ecological associates Two aphids are recorded, the whitish Myzocallis coryli (hazel aphid) underneath the
leaves, and Corylobium avellanae, a red-mottled green or brown species with longer siphunculi under young leaves or
on the tips of shoots. Brown Soft Scale Coccus hesperidium is common on twigs. Birch Shieldbug (see above under
silver birch) is also found on hazel, along with two other plant-bugs, the common Pinalitus cervinus and Pantilius
tunicatus. Green shieldbug Palomena prasina, which can be found on many trees, seems to have a particular affinity
with hazel, on which it is often found in large numbers in late summer. Two lacewings tend to be associated with
hazel, particularly Hemerobius lutescens. Seven beetles have also been recorded, most notably the leaf-beetle
Altica brevicollis, and the weevils Apoderus coryli (hazel leaf roller) and Curculio nucum (the nut weevil that
develops in the fruit and can be a crop pest). The colourful green, yellow and black caterpillars of the sawfly
Croesus septentrionalis can strip twigs bare of the leaves in hardly any time at all. Five non-mining micro-moths
have been recorded, and three larger moths, of which the July Highflyer and the Nut-tree Tussock are
particularly frequent. I have also found the pupa of a Small White butterfly on hazel. The hazel dormouse has
been recorded in our area a few times, but no established colonies have yet been confirmed.
4.5
Toothwort often grows under hazel, as it does in our one local site, the bottom of Kingstreet Lane, Little
Missenden. The moss Ulota bruchii grows locally on hazel. Ten fungi have been recorded in particular
association with hazel, five toadstools (of which Greenflush Fibrecap Inocybe corydalina and Leccinum
pseudoscabrum are the most frequent), and five that grow on living or dead wood, most notably Cinnamon Porecrust
Phellinus ferreus, Hazel Bracket Skeleteocutis nivea, Bleeding Broadleaf Crust Stereum rugosum, and Hazel
Woodwart Hypoxylon fuscum.
Human associations The hazel is most celebrated for its edible nuts ("cobs"), although the commercially grown
"Kentish Cobs" come from the introduced Filbert Corylus maximus (below) which has larger nuts. Shrubs were
regularly coppiced to provide the flexible poles used in fencing and thatching. Hazel features frequently in old
place-names and as medieval boundary-markers, often with reference to woods and thickets, so it has always been
abundant. Locally, Hazlemere derives its name from the shrub, although the former village is now a built-up
extension of High Wycombe, hazel is no longer prevalent, and the "mere" has gone altogether.
Derivation Both Anglo-Saxon haesel and Latin corylus derive from the ancient Indo-European root represented in
Sanskrit by kosa "case or shell", by reference to the nut that is hazel's chief claim to fame. Similarly the specific
name avellana derives from Latin avellare "to pluck". "Cob" occurs in Old English as copp, used for any rounded
object, like the top of a hill, and ultimately from a Flemish or Frisian word with similarly wide connotations,
including a round loaf of bread, a stumpy horse, or a head.
Varieties The variety "contorta" of native hazel (Corkscrew Hazel), with grotesquely contorted twigs and leaves,
is sold in local garden centres and grown in gardens. These are probably of hybrid origin.
Hedge of neglected old hazel coppice, Russells Water
Male hazel catkin, red female flower just above
Hazel in leaf, Rignall Wood
Hazel nuts, west edge of Hazlemere
4.6
Caterpillar of sawfly Croesus septentrionalis in threat position
Mines of Phyllonorycter coryli in hazel leaf
Filbert Corylus maximus
This SE European species is closely related to our native species and
is capable of being fertilised by pollen from C. avellana. It was
introduced for its larger nuts and has long been grown in orchards in
the region for its fruit, known as Kentish cobs (from its particular
frequency in Kent). It can grow into more of a tree than hazel.
Identification The leaves tend to be larger than hazel, typically 12cm
across, but the best distinction is provided by the nuts. These are
larger (typically 2.6cm long, 1.9cm wide) and often completely hidden
by the calyx, which is even longer than the nuts (by around 1cm) and
pinches inwards at the tip to further hide them. The calyx is not
divided to the base, the deepest split being to about half-way to the
base (at most two-thirds), and then often overlapping so as to leave
very little of the nut exposed.
Notable sites The measurements above were taken from a garden
tree and a row of specimens in the hedge bordering Prestwood Picnic
Site. One old specimen survives in a remnant of an orchard now part
of the garden attached to a private residence in Upper North Dean.
It was regularly grown in the former orchards of our area.
Ecological associates As for hazel. The mines of Phyllonorycter
coryli, Stigmella microtheriella and Incurvaria pectinea have all been
recorded locally on filbert.
Human associations Grown commercially for its nuts (Kentish cobs).
Derivation The Normans knew the filbert as noix de Philibert and
probably introduced it, as it was known in Britain as early as the 14th
century. They named it after St Philibert because the nuts were said
to ripen about his day, 22 August. In our area, while well-grown by
this date they are probably not fully ripe until a few weeks later.
Varieties A purple-leaved variety 'Purpurea' is probably the most
often sold commercially these days, but I have not seen it in the wild.
Filbert. Leaf has mine of Stigmella microtheriella
4.7
Hybrid cob Corylus avellana x maxima
Hazel and filbert are readily inter-fertile and commonly
form hybrid trees wherever they exist in proximity.
There is some difference between sources as to
whether Kentish cobs were pure maxima or this hybrid.
The existence of former orchard specimens in our area
which correspond to maxima indicates that some, at
least, of the planted cobs were that species, but garden
trees in the area include true filbert and the hybrid.
Identification Intermediate between the parents, the
hybrid hazel can show various characters of the two.
Examination of local specimens has shown that the
leaves are typically 9-10.5cm across. The calyx exceeds
the nut by 5-10mm, somewhat pinched or not, split to
the base at one side, although usually overlapping to
various degrees, so exposing 40-90% of the nut, which
on average is 2cm long by 1.7cm wide. (This description
corresponds in essential details to that of Wilcox,
2013.) Wilcox (pers. comm.) has also found that the
catkins of the hybrid are wider than those of the
native.
Notable sites Probably widespread but difficult to
identify if not in fruit. There are specimens in a hedge
bordering the field behind Green Lane, Prestwood
(which may once have backed a domestic orchard) and at
Prestwood Picnic Site, where both parents occur. It is
also probable that many of our apparently native hazels,
especially near houses and in newly planted hedges, are
hybrids. Although advertised as "native British", many
commercially available hazels, even if propagated in
Britain, are originally from continental stock that is in
fact hybrid.
Hybrid hazel. The leaf at the front has a mine of Stigmella
microtheriella
Turkish hazel Corylus colurna
Occurs only as a planted tree in Priestfield Arboretum. It is easily distinguished by the very laciniate calyx
surrounding the nut. (Note tent-mines of Phyllonorycter coryli on leaves in the photo below.)
Turkish hazel
Hornbeam Carpinus betulus
4.8
As a relatively late invader after the Ice Age this tree has a limited distribution nationally, being native only in
south-east England and there not common everywhere, but in our area it is undoubtedly common on all clay soils. It
was a favoured tree of hedgerow planters in past centuries because it responds well to laying, and this has
probably increased its frequency even further, as with hazel. As well as hedgerows it occurs commonly also as a
woodland tree, capable of competing with beech in terms of height. It self-sows readily.
Identification The characteristic dark and light brown-grey vertical streaks down the trunk make it easily
recognisable even in winter, although old specimens become deeply ridged. The leaves are similar to beech but
sharply bi-serrate around the margins and impressed veins. Like birch and hazel, the male flowers, in March-April,
are catkins of yellow-green flowers with brownish bracts. The smaller female flowers have tri-lobed green bracts
that expand later to hide the small nutlet. These are very conspicuous hanging from the twigs in summer/autumn
and distinct from any of our other native fruits.
Notable sites Many of our hedgerows and wood-edges contain former laid hornbeams - eg Hampden Road opposite
Stonygreen Cottages, Mapridge Green and Hobbshill Lanes, the east edge of Lawrence Grove. Occasional pollards
are also encountered. As a woodland component it is particularly frequent in Angling Spring Wood, including some
old laid specimens along the southern boundary; it is also frequent in College Plantation, Speen. Hornbeam is not
very long-lasting: the largest so far measured was just 2.6m in girth (copse in centre of Big Park, Great Hampden).
Another of almost that size (2.55m) stands at the north-west corner of Lawrence Grove Wood - it already looks
spectacularly troll-like although it cannot be more than 200 years. The same wood contains other good specimens.
Galls The small number of known galls may reflect the native tree's sparse distribution. A fungus Taphrina carpini
causes witches' brooms, while two mites and one gall-midge cause leaf-galls. Taphrina, the mite Aceria tenella, and
the midge Zygiobia carpini have been recorded locally causing galls on hornbeam.
Mines Of the 16 leaf-miners recorded on hornbeam in this country, six (all micro-moths) have been found locally.
The mines of Phyllonorycter quinnata and Stigmella microtheriella are very common; P. esperella and tenerella,
Parornix carpinella and Bucculatrix thoracella have also been recorded.
Other ecological associates Relatively few associates have been recorded locally. Pale aphids on the underside of
leaves Myzocallis carpini are specific to hornbeam. The smooth bark is a favourite of the tree slug Lehmannia
marginata that ascends in wet weather to graze the lichens. Jays enjoy the nuts along with beechmast and acorns,
but hawfinches, who are said to be particularly attracted to the fruits, have not been recorded for a long time,
although feeding damage characteristic of these birds was reported beneath a hornbeam in Boss Lane a few years
ago. Just three local moths, apart from the leaf-miners, are associated with the tree - small white wave,
Ypsolopha parenthesella, and Aleimma loeflingiana. There are, however, some uncommon fungi that tend to be
associated with hornbeam, all but one of which have been found under hornbeam in Angling Spring Wood. The
commonest is the milkcap Lactarius circellatus, which is likely to appear at any site where hornbeam grows. Three
other milkcaps also occur - L. fluens, decipiens and pterosporus. Also frequent is Leccinum pseudoscabrum.
Human associations In Anglo-Saxon times this tree seems to have had little significance and rarely, if at all,
appears in place-names. Its hard wood was useful for some items of carpentry, however, and, coupled with its
suitability for laying in hedges, it appears to have become more favoured in the 17th to 19th centuries.
Derivation Anglo-Saxon horn and béam is literally "hard" (like horn) "tree". Local Bucks names hay-beech and
horned beech refer to its beech-like leaves and use in hedges (hay) and winged seeds ("horns").
Hornbeam leaves
Laid hornbeams marking ancient boundary bank
4.9
Hornbeam in fruit
Old hornbeam, Meadsgarden Wood
Autumn colours of yellow and gold
Hornbeam trunk showing white streaks, Peterley Wood
Tree with witches' brooms Taphrina carpini
Alder Alnus glutinosa
4.10
This native wetland tree, typical of riversides ("Alder by the Aqua"), has no native sites in our area, which includes
only the upper sections of streams that usually dry up in summer (and these days are often dry all year). It has,
however, been planted in two places beside the River Misbourne and in a plantation beside Angling Spring Wood. It
grows rapidly but does not reach any great age.
Identification The obovate leaves (wider at the tip) and male catkins followed by female cones are sufficient to
distinguish this tree from any other natives.
Notable sites Two young trees stand in Boug's Meadow beside Link Road car-park in Great Missenden, but the
only mature specimens are older plantings in Abbey Park. The largest of these has a girth of 3.07m.
Galls Out of ten gall-causers known in this country, four have been recorded locally - remarkable given the paucity
of alder trees. These are the fungus Taphrina alni which creates remarkable red tongues on young cones, and
three mites affecting the leaves: Acalitus brevitarsus, Aceria nalepai and Eriophyes laevis.
Mines Of 22 leaf-miners on alder recorded from this country, a remarkable number (10) are known to occur on
alder (including planted species, below) in our area. These comprise 9 micro-moths (Stigmella alnetella, Caloptilia
elongella, Incurvaria pectinea, Phyllonorycter falconipennella, P. froelichiella, P. kleemannella, P. rajella, P.
stettinensis, P. strigulatella) and one sawfly Heterarthrus vagans.
Other ecological associates Four common aphids are associated with alder and may occur locally. Two insects are
named after alder - the Alder Fly and the Alder Moth; both occur locally but neither is associated particularly
with alder. The fly is associated with water because that where its larvae live, so the fact that alder flies and
alder trees tend to occur in the same areas is purely coincidence. The moth may use alder but is equally likely to
use any other tree - and, in our area, more likely to do so. A vapourer moth caterpillar was found in 2012 on the
alders at Boug's Meadow.
Derivation Anglo-Saxon alor and Latin alnus share a common ancient root. The specific name glutinosa "glue-like"
refers to the fact that the young twigs and leaves are sticky, unlike its introduced relatives (below).
Tongue gall on unripe cone
Alder 100-200 years old already decaying
Galls of Aceria nalepai
4.11
Galls of Acalitus brevitarsus
Male catkins, February
Galls of Eriophyes laevis
Italian alder Alnus cordata
Alien tree from southern Italy planted in several woodlands and as an amenity tree. In our area it is commoner
than the native alder.
Identification Distinguished by larger flowers and fruit, and glossy leaves that are more or less cordate (cordata)
at the base (not cuneate) and pointed, somewhat acuminate at the tip.
Notable sites Mixed with other new planted trees in several of the Hampden Estate woodlands - Warren, Widnell
and Hengrove. As an amenity planting at the cemetery at Cryers Hills, and by the pond in the grounds of the
Chiltern Hospital.
Grey alder Alnus incana
Alien tree planted in a very few places.
Identification The leaves are oval, rounded at the base
and pointed, not glossy, more deeply serrate and paler
underneath. The cones have shorter stalks than
common alder. The bark is somewhat greyer than its
congeners, hence the name.
Notable sites There is a recent record from
Hughenden, and it is also current at Brickfields,
Prestwood.
4.12
Hybrid alder Alnus x hybrida (= A. glutinosa x A. incana)
This planted amenity tree has been recorded at two sites in our area.
Identification A mix of characters of both parents: the leaves are variable, cuneate or rounded, some flattened
at the tip, others pointed, with few veins like glutinosa, but distinctly pale beneath and deeply serrate. The cones
are unstalked or short-stalked. (See picture below.)
Notable sites Planted by Cockpit Hole, Great Kingshill, and by road in front of Prestwood Picnic Site.
Ecological associates Probably as for common alder. The mines of Heterarthrus vagans have been found on the
trees by Prestwood Picnic Site.
Hybrid alder, Cockpit Hole