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THE BRITISH LIBRARY AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND LIFE: 1877-1954 A SELECTIVE GUIDE TO MATERIALS IN THE BRITISH LIBRARY BY JEAN KEMBLE THE ECCLES CENTRE FOR AMERICAN STUDIES AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND LIFE, 1877-1954 Contents Introduction Agriculture Art & Photography Civil Rights Crime and Punishment Demography Du Bois, W.E.B. Economics Education Entertainment – Film, Radio, Theatre Family Folklore Freemasonry Marcus Garvey General Great Depression/New Deal Great Migration Health & Medicine Historiography Ku Klux Klan Law Leadership Libraries Lynching & Violence Military NAACP National Urban League Philanthropy Politics Press Race Relations & ‘The Negro Question’ Religion Riots & Protests Sport Transport Tuskegee Institute Urban Life Booker T. Washington West Women Work & Unions World Wars States Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Bibliographies/Reference works Introduction Since the civil rights movement of the 1960s, African American history, once the preserve of a few dedicated individuals, has experienced an expansion unprecedented in historical research. The effect of this on-going, scholarly ‘explosion’, in which both black and white historians are actively engaged, is both manifold and wide-reaching for in illuminating myriad aspects of African American life and culture from the colonial period to the very recent past it is simultaneously, and inevitably, enriching our understanding of the entire fabric of American social, economic, cultural and political history. Perhaps not surprisingly the depth and breadth of coverage received by particular topics and time-periods has so far been uneven. Slavery and the civil rights movement have benefited from enormous attention; indeed one historian notes that in the 1970s the historiography of the former witnessed ‘something like an earthquake’. Standing in contrast, however, the period between Reconstruction and Brown v Board of Education remains relatively underdeveloped. This guide is intended as a bibliographical tool for all those seeking an introduction to this period. With the notable exceptions of music and literature, it addresses most aspects of African American life and history: education, politics, race relations, religion, women and work are particularly well covered. The guide includes both periodicals and monographs; the shelf-mark for the latter is included in parentheses at the end of each citation. The majority of works are housed at the British Library at St Pancras, London. A shelf-mark prefaced by ‘DSC’ indicates that the work is held at Boston Spa but may be read in London. AGRICULTURE ABRAMOWITZ, Jack. “The Negro in the Agrarian Revolt,” Agricultural History 24 (1950): 89-95. BOSTON, Thomas D. “Capitalism and Afro-American Land Tenancy,” Science and Society 46:4 (1982-83): 445-460. BROWN, Minnie Miller. “Black Women in American Agriculture,” Agricultural History 50 (January 1976): 247, 251-52. COHEN, William. “Negro Involuntary Servitude in the South, 1865-1940: a Preliminary Analysis,” Journal of Southern History 42 (1976): 31-60. COLEMAN, A. Lee and Larry D. Hall. “Black Farm Operators and Farm Populations, 1900-1970: Alabama and Kentucky,” Phylon 40:4 (1979): 387-402. COMAN, Katherine. “The Negro as Peasant Farmer,” American Statistical Association Publications 9 (June 1904): 39-54. CROSBY, Earl W. “The Struggle for Existence: the Institutionalization of the Black County Agent System,” Agricultural History 60:2 (1986): 123-136. DANIEL, Pete. “The Metamorphosis of Slavery, 1865-1900,” Journal of American History 66 (1979): 88-99. ------------ The Shadow of Slavery: Peonage in the South, 1901-1969. London; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. (X.708/10108) DAVIS, Ronald L.F. Good and Faithful Labor: from Slavery to Sharecropping in the Natchez District, 1860-1890. Westport; London: Greenwood, 1982. (X.529/54591) DILLINGHAM, Pitt. “Land Tenure among the Negroes,” Yale Review 5 (Aug. 1896): 190-206. EDWARDS, Thomas J. “The Tenant System and some Changes since Emancipation,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 49 (Sept. 1913): 3846. FLIGSTEIN, Neil. “The Transformation of Southern Agriculture and the Migration of Blacks and Whites, 1930-1940,” International Migration Review 17:2 (1983): 268290. FRISSELL, N.B. “Southern Agriculture and the Negro Farmer,” American Statistical Association Publications 13 (March 1912): 65-70. HIGGS, Robert. “Did Southern Farmers Discriminate?” Agricultural History 46 (April 1972): 325-328. ------------ “Did Southern Farmers Discriminate--Interpretive Problems and Further Evidence,” Agricultural History 49 (April 1975): 445-447. ------------ “Race, Tenure and Resource Allocation in Southern Agriculture, 1910,” Journal of Economic History 33 (March 1973): 149-169. HOLMES, George K. “The Peons of the South,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 4 (Sept. 1893): 65-74. HOLMES, William F. “The Arkansas Cotton Pickers Strike of 1891 and the Demise of the Colored Farmers’ Alliance,” Arkansas Historical Quarterly 32 (1973): 107-19. ------------ “The Demise of the Colored Farmers Alliance,” Journal of Southern History 41 (1975): 187-200. JONES, Allen. “Improving Rural Life for Blacks: the Tuskegee Negro Farmers Conference, 1892-1915,” Agricultural History 65:2 (1991): 105-114. ------------ “Thomas M. Campbell: Black Agricultural Leader of the New South,” Agricultural History 53:1 (1979): 42-59. ------------ “Voices for Improving Rural Life: Alabama’s Black Agricultural Press, 1890-1965,” Agricultural History 58:3 (1984): 209-220. KIRBY, Jack Temple. “Black and White in the Rural South, 1915-1954,” Agricultural History 58:3 (1984): 411-422. KREMM, Thomas W. and Diane Neal. “Challenges to Subordination: Organized Black Agricultural Protest in South Carolina, 1886-1895,” South Atlantic Quarterly 77 (1978): 98-112. LOGAN, Frenise A. “Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Negro Farm Laborers in Post-Reconstruction North Carolina,” Agricultural History 33 (Oct. 1959): 185-189. MANDLE, Jay R. “Continuity and Change: the Use of Black Labor after the Civil War,” Journal of Black Studies 21:4 (1991): 414-427. ------------ “The Re-Establishment of the Plantation Economy in the South, 18651910,” Review of Black Political Economy 3 (Winter 1973): 68-88. ------------ “Sharecropping in the Rural South: a Case of Uneven Development in Agriculture,” Rural Sociology 49:3 (1984): 412-429. MENDENHALL, Marjorie Stratford. “The Rise of Southern Tenancy,” Yale Review 27 (Sept. 1937): 110-129. MEREDITH, H.L. “Agrarian Socialism and the Negro in Oklahoma, 1900-1918,” Labor History 11 (Summer 1970): 277-284. MILLER, Floyd J. “Black Protest and White Leadership: a Note on the Colored Farmers Alliance,” Phylon 33 (1972): 169-174. NIEMAN, Donald G., ed. From Slavery to Sharecropping: White Land and Black Labor in the Rural South, 1865-1900. New York; London: Garland, 1994. (YC.1994.b.3670) POPE, Christie Farnham. “Southern Homesteads for Negroes,” Agricultural History 44 (April 1970): 201-212. REID, Joseph D. “Sharecropping as an Understandable Market Response: the PostBellum South,” Journal of Economic History 33 (March 1973): 106-130. RIDDLE, Wesley Allen. “The Origins of Black Sharecropping,” Mississippi Quarterly 49:1 (1995-96): 53-71. SEAGRAVE, Charles E. “The Southern Negro Agricultural Worker: 1850-1870,” Journal of Economic History 31 (March 1971): 279-280. SEALS, R. Grant. “The Formation of Agricultural and Rural Development Policy with Emphasis on African Americans: II the Hatch-George and Smith-Lever Acts,” Agricultural History 65:2 (1991): 12-34. SMITH, R.L. “The Elevation of Negro Farm Life,” Independent 52 (Aug. 30, 1900): 2103-2106. SPRIGGS, William Edward. “The Virginia Farmers Alliance: a Case Study of Race and Class Identity,” Journal of Negro History 64:3 (1979): 191-204. STINE, Linda France. “Social Inequality and Turn-of-the-Century Farmsteads: Issues of Class, Status, Ethnicity and Race,” Historical Archaeology 24:4 (1990): 37-49. STONE, Alfred Holt. “Negro Labor and the Boll Weevil,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 33 (March 1909): 167-174. ------------- “The Negro and Agricultural Development,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 35 (Jan. 1910): 8-15. STRICKLAND, Arvarh E. “The Strange Affair of the Boll Weevil: the Pest as Liberator,” Agricultural History 68:2 (1994): 157-168. UNITED STATES – Departments of State and Public Institutions. Better Homes for Negro Farm Families: a Handbook for Teachers. Washington, 1947. (A.S.205/36) WIENER, Jonathan M. “Planter Persistence and Social Change, 1850-1970,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 7 (1976): 235-60. WILLEY, D. Allen. “The Negro and the Soil,” Arena 23 (May 1900): 553-560. WOODRUFF, Nan Elizabeth. “Mississippi Delta Planters and Debates over Mechanization, Labor and Civil Rights in the 1940s,” Journal of Southern History 60: 2 (1994): 263-284. WOODSON, Carter Godwin. The Rural Negro. Washington, 1930. (Ac.8444/4) ZEICHNER, Oscar. “The Legal Status of the Agricultural Laborer in the South,” Political Science Quarterly 55 (1940): 424-28. ------------ “The Transition from Slave to Free Agricultural Labor in the Southern States,” Agricultural History 13 (1939): 22-33. ART-PHOTOGRAPHY “AFRO-AMERICAN ARTISTS, 1800-1950,” Ebony 23 (1967): 116-22. “AMERICAN NEGRO ART,” New Masses 30 (Dec. 1941): 27. “AN ART EXHIBIT AGAINST LYNCHING,” Crisis (April 1935): 107. ARTIS, David. “Pictures of Progress,” Black Scholar 22:4 (1992): 42-47. BAKER, James H., Jr. “Art comes to the People of Harlem,” Crisis (March 1939): 7880. BARNES, Albert C. “Negro Art and America,” Survey (1 March 1925): 668-69. BEARDEN, Romare. A History of African-American Artists, from 1792 to the Present. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993. (LB.31.c.7551) ------------ “The Negro Artist and Modern Art,” Opportunity (December 1934): 37172. (P.803/317) ------------ “The Negro Artist’s Dilemma,” Critique: a Review of Contemporary Art 1:2 (November 1946): 16-22. BEMENT, Alon. “Some Notes on a Harlem Art Exhibit,” Opportunity (Nov. 1933). (P.803/317) BENNETT, Mary. “The Harmon Awards,” Opportunity (February 1929): 65-66. (P.803/317) BLACK ART, ANCESTRAL LEGACY: the Africa Impulse in African-American Art. Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1989. (DSC: f90/0475) BONTEMPS, Arna. “Special Collections of Negroana,” Library Quarterly (July 1944): 187-206. (Ac.2691.dia) ------------ and Jacqueline Fonvielle-Bontemps. “African American Women Artists: an Historical Perspective,” Sage 4:1 (1987): 17-24. BOIME, Albert. The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century. London: Thames and Hudson, 1990. (YC.1990.b.6850) BRAWLEY, Benjamin Griffith. “Negro Genius,” Southern Workman XLIV (May 1915): 305-8. ------------ The Negro Genius: a New Appraisal of the Achievement of the American Negro in Literature and the Fine Arts. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1937. (11861.b.7) ------------ The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States. New York: Duffield & Co., 1918. (11825.c.32) CAMPBELL, Mary Schmidt et al. Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America. New York: The Studio Museum in Harlem, 1987. (YV.1988.b.358) ------------ “Romare Bearden: Rites and Rifts,” Art in America 69:10 (1981): 134-141. CATLETT, Elizabeth. “A Tribute to the Negro People,” American Contemporary Art (Winter 1940): 17. CHILDS, Charles. “Bearden: Identification and Identity,” Art News 63 (October 1964): 24-25, 54. (P.P.1931.pdw) COLLINS, Amy Fine. “Jacob Lawrence: Art Builder,” Art in America 76:2 (1988): 130-135. COVARRUBIAS, Miguel. Negro Drawings. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927. (7859.pp.4) DAVIS, Donald F. “Aaron Douglas of Fisk: Molder of Black Artists,” Journal of Negro History 69:2 (1984): 95-99. DEACON, Deborah A. “The Art and Artefacts Collection of the Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture: a Preliminary Catalogue,” Bulletin of Research in the Humanities 84:2 (1981): 145-261. DOVER, Cedric. American Negro Art. London: Studio Vista, 1960. (X.421/2598) DOUGLAS, Carlyle C. “Romare Bearden,” Ebony (Nov. 1975): 116-22. (DSC: 3647.165000) DRISKELL, David C. “Bibliographies in Afro-American Art,” American Quarterly 30:3 (1978): 374-394. DRUMMOND, Dorothy. “Pyramid Club,” Art Digest 24 (1 March 1960): 9. (DSC: 1733.385000) ELLISON, Ralph. “The Art of Romare Bearden,” Massachusetts Review 18:4 (1977): 673-680. ------------ “Romare Bearden: Paintings and Projections,” Crisis 77 (March 1970): 8086. (Mic.F.400) FAX, Elton Clay. Seventeen Black Artists. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1971. (X.429/6105) “FEDERAL MURALS TO HONOR THE NEGRO,” Art Digest (1 January 1943). (DSC: 1733.385000) FERRIS, William, ed. Afro-American Folk Art and Crafts. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1983. (DSC: 84/05354) “FIFTY-SEVEN NEGRO ARTISTS PRESENTED IN FIFTH HARMON FOUNDATION EXHIBIT,” Art Digest (1 March 1933): 18. HARMON FOUNDATION. Exhibition of the Work of Negro Artists. New York, 1931. (Mic.A.9454(4)) HATT, Michael. “‘Making a Man of Him’: Masculinity and the Black Body in MidNineteenth Century American Sculpture,” Oxford Art Journal 15:1 (1992): 21-35. HAVIG, Alan. “Richard F. Outcault’s ‘Pore Lil’ Mose’: Variations of the Black Stereotype in American Comic Art,” Journal of American Culture 11:1 (1988): 33-41. HENKES, Robert. The Art of Black American Women: Works of Twenty-four Artists of the Twentieth Century. Jefferson; London: McFarland, 1993. (YC.1993.b.5268) HERRING, James V. “The American Negro as Craftsman and Artist,” Crisis (April 1942): 116-118. (Mic.F.400) ------------ “The Negro Sculpture,” Crisis (August 1942): 261-62. (Mic.F.400) HUGHES, Langston. “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,” The Nation (23 June 1926): 692-94. (P.P.6392.e) IGOE, Lynn Moody. 250 Years of Afro-American Art: an Annotated Bibliography. New York; London: Bowker, 1981. (X.421/22653) (CHECK pre-1954) INGE, M. Thomas. Dark Laughter: the Satiric Art of Oliver W. Harrington from the Walter O. Evans Collection of African-American Art. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1993. (YC.1994.b.3186) JOHNSON, Eloise E. Rediscovering the Harlem Renaissance: the Politics of Exclusion. New York; London: Garland, 1997. (DSC: 99/17577) JOSEPH, Ronald. “The New York Years: Interview with Ronald Joseph,” Black American Literature Forum 23:4 (1989): 723-738. JUBILEE, Vincent. “The Barnes Foundation: Pioneer Patron of Black Artists,” Journal of Negro Education 51:1 (1982): 40-49. KIRSCHENBAUM, Blossom S. “Nancy Elizabeth Prophet, Sculptor,” Sage 4:1 (1987): 45-52. KIRSCHKE, Amy Helene. Aaron Douglas: Art, Race, and the Harlem Renaissance. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995. (YC.1996.b.478) LaDUKE, Betty. “The Grand Dame of Afro-American Art: Lois Mailon Jones,” Sage 4:1 (1987): 53-58. LEWIS, David. Thaddeus Mosley: African-American Sculptor. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Museum of Art, 1997. (YC.1998.b.7146) LEWIS, Samella. African American Art and Artists. Berkeley; London: University of California Press, 1990. (YC.1994.b.4513) ------------ Art, African American. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978. (X.410/10357) LIVINGSTON, Jane. Black Folk Art in America, 1930-1980. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1982. (YC.1994.b.5155) LOCKE, Alain Leroy. “American Negro as Artist,” American Magazine of Art 23 (September 1931): 210-20. ------------ Negro Art: Past and Present. Washington, DC: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936. (Mic.A.11827) ------------ The Negro in Art: a Pictorial Record of the Negro Artist and of the Negro Theme in Art. Washington: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1940. (7801.dd.8) LYONS, Mary E. Deep Blues: Bill Traylor, Self-Taught Artist. New York: Scribner’s; Oxford: Maxwell Macmillan International, 1994. (LB.31.a.5851) McCAUSLAND, Elizabeth. “Jacob Lawrence,” Magazine of Art 38 (November 1945): 250-54. McELROY, Guy C. Facing History: the Black Image in American Art, 1710-1940. San Francisco: Bedford Arts; Washington, DC: Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1990. (LB.31.b.6992) MILLER, Kelly. “The Artistic Gifts of the Negro,” Voice of the Negro III (April 1906): 254. MOORE, Joe Louis. “‘In our Image’: Black Artists in California, 1880-1970,” California History 75:3 (1996): 264-271. PATTERSON, Lindsay. The Negro in Music and Art. New York: ASNLH, 1967. (YA.1998.b.1819) PATTON, Sharon F. African-American Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. (YC.1999.b.4833) ------------ and Mary Schmidt Campbell. Memory and Metaphor: the Art of Romare Bearden, 1940-1987. New York: Studio Museum in Harlem, 1991. (DSC: q91/12988) PARRY, Ellwood. The Image of the Indian and the Black Man in American Art. New York: George Braziller, 1974. (X.421/9738) PEEK, Phil. “Afro-American Material Culture and the Afro-American Craftsman,” Southern Folklore Quarterly 42:2-3 (1978): 109-134. PERKINS, Kathy A. “The Genius of Meta Warrick Fuller,” Black American Literature Forum 24:1 (1990): 65-72. PERRY, Reginia A. Selections of Nineteenth-Century Afro-American Art: Catalogue of an Exhibition held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, June 19-August 1, 1976. 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(HLR909.0496) GUIDES TO THE BRITISH LIBRARY’S NORTH AMERICAN COLLECTIONS PUBLISHED BY THE ECCLES CENTRE An Era of Change: Contemporary US-UK-West European Relations American Slavery: Pre-1866 Imprints United States Government Policies Toward Native Americans, 1787-1900 Mormon Americana United States and Canadian Holdings at the British Library Newspaper Library Imagining the West Conserving America Mining the American West The Harlem Renaissance The Civil Rights Movement, Women in the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-1900 The United States and the Vietnam War The United States and the 1930s The American Colonies, 1584-1688 The Anglo-American ‘Special Relationship’ during the Second World War ISBN 0-7123-4427-6