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Biology 250B Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lab Exam I Study Guide Week 1: Lab Safety, Anatomical Terminology, Body Cavities, Regions, and System Exercises 1 and 2 Objectives: Understand the rules for safe, careful use of the lab and its equipment Define anatomical position Use anatomical terms correctly Identify anatomical planes in illustrations from the book Locate the major body cavities and regions on a model and on other students Utilize directional terms in describing where body parts may be found in relation to one another Recognize the eleven body systems and their parts and functions To know: Body landmarks: Abdominal Antecubital Axillary Brachial Buccal Carpal Cephalic Cervical Coxal Deltoid Digital Femoral Fibular Gluteal Inguinal Lumbar Mammary Manus Nasal Occipital Oral Orbital Patellar Pelvic Popliteal Pubic Sacral Scapular Sternal Sural Tarsal Thoracic Umbilical Vertebral Body orientation and direction: Superior/inferior Anterior/posterior Medial/lateral Cephalad/caudal Dorsal/ventral Proximal/distal Superficial/deep Body planes and sections: Sagittal (median or midsagittal) Frontal (coronal) Transverse (horizontal) Body cavities (and organs found within them): Dorsal Including cranial and spinal cavities Ventral Including thoracic cavity (pleural, mediastinum, pericardial) Including abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic) Abdominopelvic quadrants (and organs found in these regions): Right upper Right lower Left upper 1 Biology 250B Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lab Exam I Study Guide Left lower Nine abdominopelvic regions (and organs found in these regions): Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac ____________________________________________________________________________ Week 2: Microscope Use and Mitosis Appendix A and Exercise 3 Objectives: Identify all of the parts of a microscope and the function of each part Demonstrate the proper focusing of a microscope up to high power Determine total magnification for each objective lens Practice skills in microscope use on several prepared slides Practice preparing a wet mount using cheek cells Identify major organelles in the cell using illustrations in the book and wet mount slides Define interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis, and identify and describe the stages of mitosis using prepared whitefish blastulae slides Perform activity demonstrating stages of mitosis using pop beads To know: Microscope: Base Substage light Stage Condenser Iris diaphragm lever Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Head Arm ocular lens Nosepiece Objective lenses Scanning Low-power High-power Oil immersion Mitosis: Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Chromosomes Chromatds Centromere Spindle __________________________________________________________________________ Week 3: Epithelial and Connective Tissue Exercise 5 Objectives: Define tissue and compare its function to that of an organ Identify and describe the four major tissue types Explain the term epithelium and the landmarks that make this tissue type different than the other three primary tissue types (layers, shapes of cells, etc.) Relate the unique structure of epithelial tissue to its various functions in the body Locate and identify all of the types of epithelial tissues on both prepared slides and in pictures Describe the term connective tissue and the landmarks that make this tissue type different than the other three tissues Relate the unique structure of connective tissue to its various functions in the body 2 Biology 250B Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lab Exam I Study Guide Locate and identify the types of connective tissue on both prepared slides and in pictures Relate each type of tissue to its possible location in the body To know: Epithelial Tissue Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Pseudostratified columnar Stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) Transitional Connective Tissue Areolar Adipose Reticular Dense regular (fibrous) Hyaline cartilage _____________________________________________________________________________ Week 4: The Integumentary System Exercise 6 Objectives: Observe a skin, nail and hair model, and recognize important features of the integumentary system Identify the major structures and layers of skin in pictures while relating them to their functions Perform activities demonstrating physiological features of skin including detection of two-point threshold, testing of tactile localization and demonstration of adaptation of touch receptors Observe keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and understand the importance of the stratum corneum Describe the distribution and function of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands using the model, picture, and scalp slides Identify the major regions of a hair and hair follicle using models, pictures and the scalp slide Identify the major regions of nails using models and pictures To know: Epidermis Layers of epidermis: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum Dermis Layers of dermis: papillary and reticular Hypodermis Thick skin Thin skin Nerve endings Lamellar corpuscle Eccrine sweat gland Apocrine sweat gland Sebaceous gland Arrector pili Hair structures: Follicle Root Shaft Medulla Cortex Cuticle Matrix Nail structures: Free edge Lunule Lateral nail fold Proximal nail fold Body Root Matrix 3