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Geography of Religion
Religious Landscapes
Conflict and Interaction
Cultural Geography
Religions Overview
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What is Religion?
Major Religions & Their Divisions
The Geography Religion
Religious Landscapes
Religious Conflict and Interaction
Religious Landscapes
• Sacred Structures
– Temples / Pagodas
– Churches / Basilicas
– Mosques
• Sacred Sites
– mountains
– rivers
– caves
Holy Places reflect the Religious Beliefs
Ethnic religions
• rooted in a distinctive
physical environment
Universal religions
• holy places are associated
with the founder’s life.
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For example:
– Hindu - The Ganges River
in India.
– Hindu - Himalayas Mt.
Kalias in Nepal.
For example:
– Christian - The city of
Jerusalem
– Muslim - The city of Mecca
– Buddhist- Locations of
important events in
Buddha's life.
Selected Religious Landscapes of the World
Rome- Christian
Salt Lake City -Mormon
Tenochitlan -Aztec
Medina- Muslim
Jerusalem
- Jewish
-Christian
-Muslim
Himalayas- Hindu
Gaya and Lumbini-Buddhist
Lhasa -Buddhist
Mecca -Muslim
Ganges River-Hindu
How Did These Religions
Diffuse to Where They Are?
Islam
Christianity
•Traveling merchants
go to North Africa
•Sea routes to Indonesia and
Philippines introduced Islam.
•Missionaries
•Alliance with
powerful communist
countries.
Buddhist
•Early believers spread
ideas to the Roman
Empire.
•Monks travel into China,
Tibet and Southeast Asia.
• European Colonization
spreads Christianity
worldwide.
•Ocean trading routes to
China brought Buddhism.
•Missionaries
•Alliance with
technologically powerful
western world & capitalism.
•Missionaries
•Powerful kingdom of
Magadhan Empire helped
establish religion.
Commonalties of Holy Locations
• Structure often
dominates landscape
with spirals, towers, or
roofs
• Center of city or village
often used for gathering
of community
• Structure used as a
reference point
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A HOLY PLACE
• A place of worship and teaching. Church
• A space for prayer. -Mosques
• Buildings to house relics and artifacts
or entomb a leader. –Pagodas,
Temples & Pyramids
• A environmental astronomical
calendar
• A destination goal.-pilgrimage
• Create an environment in the image
of God or gods
Buddhist Landscapes
Thailand
Cambodia
Tibet
Buddhist Stupas
Buddhist Stupa,
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Grand Palace,
Bangkok, Thailand
Buddhist Temple, Louang pPhrabang, Laos
Tibetan Buddhist Prayer Wheels
Tibetan Landscapes
Grand Palace,
Bangkok Thailand
Wat Chedi
Luang, Chang
Mai Thailand
Borobodour, Indonesia
Golden Temple,
Kyoto Japan
Buddhist Temple,
Kharkorin, Mongolia
Angor Wat, Cambodia
Christian Landscapes
Catholic Church, San Jose, CA
Saint Peters Church, Vatican
Segovia, Spain
(1577)
Toledo, Spain
Church of Resurrection
Saint Petersburg, Russia
St. Basil, Moscow, Russia
Russian
Orthodox
Church in
Jerusalem
Cathedral at Chartres, France
Templo Expiatrorio de
al Sagrada Familia,
Spain
Saint Peters at the
Vatican, Rome Italy
Muslim Landscapes
Taj Mahal, Agra inNW India
(mausoleum)
Moorish (Muslim)
Córdoba, Spain
Alhambra,
Granada, Spain
Sultan Dascan Mosque, Madrasa
Saint Sophia, Istanbul Turkey
The Kaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
The Kaba in
Mecca, Saudi
Arabia
Hindu Landscape
Jewish Landscapes
Masada, Israel
Western Wall, Jerusalem
Ethnic & Animist Religious
Landscapes
Confucious Temple in Taiwan
Temple of
Kukuklan, Chitchen
Itzu
Ziggurat,
Ur Iraq
Machu Picchu, Peru
stonehenge
Easter Island
Parthenon, Athens Greece
Temple of Sobek, Egypt
Urulu, Australia
Indian Grinding Rock
Religions Overview
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What is Religion?
Major Religions & Their Divisions
The Geography Religion
Religious Landscapes
Religious Conflict and Interaction
Religious Conflicts &
Interactions
• Israel - a case study
• Jerusalem - mixed quarters
– Jewish quarter
– Muslim - temple mount
– Christian orthodox quarter
Western Wall & Dome of
the Rock in Jerusalem
Religions Overview
•
•
•
•
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What is Religion?
Major Religions & Their Divisions
The Geography Religion
Religious Landscapes
Religious Conflict and Interaction