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Lawrence County School System World Geography Semester-at-a-Glance Grading Period 1 1 1 1 1 1 Geographical Concepts Grading Period Geographical Concepts Physical and Human Geography United States and Canada Middle and South America Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe Russia and Northern Eurasia 2 2 2 2 2 2 Central and Southwest Asia Africa South Asia East and Southeast Asia Pacific World Review Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 1 of 12 Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum Pacing Guide Subject: Grade: Standard 1.0 Culture 2.0 Economics World Geography Secondary Topics Covered Unit 1: The Geographer’s World (2 weeks) Nine Weeks: Semester: Aligned with World Geography Today, Holt. Company provided resources. Learning Expectations State Performance Indicators 1.1 Understand the complex nature of culture and how cultures influence the characteristics of places and regions. 1.1.1 Describe the components of culture. 1.2 Understand the relationship between physical environments and culture. 1.1.6 Analyze the role culture plays in incidents of cooperation and conflict in the contemporary world. 2.1 Understand fundamental economic concepts and their application to a variety of economic systems, regionally and globally. 2.2 Understand the patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth’s surface. 2.3 Understand the changes that occur in the nature, use, distribution, and importance of resources. 1.1.5 Analyze the role of cultural diffusion and interactions among Earth’s human systems in the ongoing development of Earth’s cultural landscapes; Essential Questions and Resources What are the five major geographical themes and what tools do geographers use to work with them? What are the physical processes that affect the earth’s crust? How does the earth’s surface change? What factors influence the world’s climates? 1.2.2 Compare and contrast how cultures differ in their use of environments and resources. Why is climatic change a cause for concern? 1.2.3 Analyze how communication, transportation and other forms of technology contribute to the development of a culture. What causes climate and how are the different climate regions different? 2.1.2 Apply basic economic concepts (e.g., exports and imports, tariffs, closed and emerging markets, debt and credit, gross domestic product, goods and services) in studying the various regions of the world. What are the various vegetation bands and what forces cause vegetation differences in regions? 2.1.3 Describe the spatial distribution of major economic systems and their relative merit or disadvantages in terms of productivity, welfare of workers, and standard of living. What are the major cultural, religious and language differences around the world? 2.2.2 Explain the major components of and reasons for world trade. 2.2.3 Explain the role of transportation and communication networks in the development of economic activities. What is culture and how does it change? What are the different political and economic systems around the world? What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources? 2.2.4 Compare and contrast primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities in a geographic context. 2.2.5 Compare and contrast the interactions between domestic and global economic systems. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 2 of 12 Standard 2.0 Economics 3.0 Geography Topics Covered Learning Expectations 3.1 Understand the characteristics and uses of maps, globes, and other geographic tools and technologies. 3.2 Know the location of places, geographic features, and patterns of the environment, both physical and human, locally, regionally, and globally. 3.3 Understand the characteristics and uses of spatial organization of Earth’s surface. 3.4 Understand the physical and human characteristics of place. 3.5 Understand that common physical, biological, and cultural characteristics create regions. 3.6 Understand how physical processes shape Earth’s natural landscapes and affect environments. 3.7 Understand how physical systems and environments affect human systems. 3.8 Understand how human systems modify the physical environment. State Performance Indicators Essential Questions and Resources 2.2.6 Evaluate the domestic and international impact of various economic agreements, both regionally and globally. 2.2.7 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of international economic patterns (e.g., international debt, investment of foreign capital, multi-national corporations, foreign-owned businesses). 2.3.1 Describe the characteristics, location, and use of renewable and nonrenewable resources, regionally and globally. 2.3.4 Compare and contrast patterns of resource distribution and utilization. 2.3.5 Analyze programs and the impact of policy decisions related to the use of resources, locally, regionally, and globally. 3.1.1 Describe the basic elements of maps and mapping. 3.1.2 Compare and contrast various types of maps, including thematic and topographic maps. 3.1.3 Explain the purposes and distinguishing characteristics of different map projections. 3.1.5 Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using maps from different sources and different points of view. 3.2.1 Describe the relative location of, size of, and distances between Earth’s major physical, biological, and human geographic features. 3.2.2 Describe the approximate locations of major political and economic cultures. 3.3.1 Describe concepts and geographic tools used to define and describe spatial organization such as absolute and relative location, distance, direction, scale, movement and region. 3.3.2 Analyze patterns of spatial organization including why some areas are more densely populated than others and the differences between rural, urban, and suburban patterns. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 3 of 12 Standard 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics 5.0 History 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions Topics Covered Learning Expectations State Performance Indicators 3.9 Understand the nature, distribution and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface. 3.3.3 Explain factors that affect spatial organization of Earth’s surface such as transportation, migration, and communication technology. 4.1 Understand the nature, complexity, and influence of systems of governance. 3.3.4 Demonstrate the use of spatial organization, principles of location, and land use patterns in policies and decisions. 3.4.1 Explain how physical, biological, and human characteristics and process define and shape a place. 4.2 Understand the forces of cooperation and conflict that shape the divisions of Earth’s surface. 3.4.2 Compare and contrast how physical processes and human movement and migration influence the character of various places regionally and globally. 4.3 Understand global development and environmental issues. 3.5.1 Describe the criteria used to define a region including physical traits and formal, functional, and vernacular cultural regions. 5.1 Understand the patterns of human settlement. 3.5.2 Compare and contrast types of regions at the local, regional, and global level. 5.2 Recognize that places change over time. 3.5.3 Compare and contrast how cultures influence the characteristics of regions and how human characteristics make specific regions of the world distinctive. 6.1 Understand the impact of individual and group decisions on citizens and communities. 6.2 Understand how groups can effect change at local, regional, and global levels. 6.3 Understand how a geographic view is a significant tool in interpreting the present and planning for the future. Essential Questions and Resources 3.5.4 Explain how the concept of a region can be used to simplify the complexity of Earth’s surface. 3.5.5 Demonstrate ways in which regional systems are structured. 3.6.1 Describe ways in which different types of physical processes create and shape patterns in Earth’s physical environments. 3.6.2 Predict the consequences of specific physical processes operating on Earth’s surface. 3.6.4 Explain and analyze the distribution of different physical processes (e.g., tectonic activity, different types of weather and climatic patterns, vegetation patterns). Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 4 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture 2.0 Economics Topics Covered Unit 2: The United States and Canada (3 Weeks) 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics Unit 3: Middle and South America (1-2 Weeks) 5.0 History 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions Unit 4: Europe (1-2 Weeks) Unit 5: Russia and Northern Eurasia (1-2 Weeks) Unit 6: Central and Southwest Asia (1-2 Weeks) Unit 7: Africa (1-2 Weeks) Unit 8: South Asia (1-2 Weeks) Unit 9: East and Southeast Asia (1-2 Weeks) Unit 10: Pacific World (1-2 Weeks) Learning Expectations 1.1 Understand the complex nature of culture and how cultures influence the characteristics of places and regions. 1.2 Understand the relationship between physical environments and culture. 1.3 Understand how cultural perspective impacts perceptions of places and regions. 2.1 Understand fundamental economic concepts and their application to a variety of economic systems, regionally and globally. 2.2 Understand the patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth’s surface. 2.3 Understand the changes that occur in the nature, use, distribution, and importance of resources. 3.1 Understand the characteristics and uses of maps, globes, and other geographic tools and technologies. State Performance Indicators Essential Questions and Resources 3.6.5 Explain the distribution of Earth’s various ecosystems. All Units: 3.6.6 Evaluate the effects of various physical cycles. How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? 3.6.7 Assess the dynamic and interactive nature of physical systems. 3.7.1 Describe ways in which human systems develop in response to conditions in the physical environment. What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? What are the major landforms of the region? What makes this a distinctive region of the world? 3.7.3 Analyze the impact of natural hazards and disasters on human systems and in different regions, regionally and globally. 3.7.4 Evaluate the limits and opportunities of physical environments for human activities. 3.7.5 Assess changes in the physical environment, regionally and globally, that affect the capacity of the environment to support human activity. United States and Canada: What is the relationship between the United States and Canada? Middle and South America: How is Mexico’s society and economy organized? 3.8.1 Explain effects of human activities on the physical environment, including global warming, deforestation, desertification, and urbanization. 3.8.2 Explain ways in which human-induced changes in the physical environment in one place can cause changes in other places. How is Mexico a place of three cultures? What conditions have led to conflict between Central America and the Caribbean islands? How has Brazil developed its economy? 3.8.3 Describe the impact of human activities on different ecosystems. What affects life in the Northern Tropics of South America? 3.8.4 Compare and contrast ways in which technology influences the human capacity to modify the physical environment. How does the physical geography of the Andean countries affect its people? 3.8.5 Explain and illustrate the role of human activity in increasing or decreasing certain biological components of various physical environments. How to the Southern grassland countries differ from the rest of South America? 3.8.6 Analyze the environmental consequences of human activities and predict the global impact of human changes in the physical environment. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 5 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture 2.0 Economics 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics Topics Covered Learning Expectations 3.2 Know the location of places, geographic features, and patterns of the environment, both physical and human, locally, regionally, and globally. 5.0 History 3.3 Understand the characteristics and uses of spatial organization of Earth’s surface. 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions 3.4 Understand the physical and human characteristics of place. 3.5 Understand that common physical, biological, and cultural characteristics create regions. 3.6 Understand how physical processes shape Earth’s natural landscapes and affect environments. 3.7 Understand how physical systems and environments affect human systems. 3.8 Understand how human systems modify the physical environment. 3.9 Understand the nature, distribution and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface. State Performance Indicators 3.9.1 Explain the characteristics of populations at a variety of scales including ethnicity, age distribution, gender, and life expectancy. 3.9.2 Explain how demographic concepts such as population distribution, population density, birth and death rate, fertility rate, and infant mortality are used to describe population characteristics of a country or region. Essential Questions and Resources All Units: How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? What are the major landforms of the region? 3.9.3 Identify and describe quality of life indicators such as life expectancy, literacy rate, and per capita gross domestic product. What makes this a distinctive region of the world? 3.9.4 Explain the causes and effects of human migration. Western Europe: 3.9.5 Explain how international migrations are shaped by "push and pull" factors. What are the major physical characteristics of England and how did this lead to the Industrial Revolution? 3.9.6 Evaluate factors that influence patterns of rural-urban migration. How have Scotland and Wales preserved their own cultural identities? 3.9.7 Analyze and evaluate contemporary population issues. What has caused the cooperation and conflict in Ireland? 3.9.8 Predict the impact of human migration and other population changes on Earth’s physical and human systems, regionally and globally. What are the cultural characteristics that define a Nordic Nation? 4.1.1 Explain the purposes and structure of various systems of governance, regionally and globally. What are the commonalities and differences of the Benelux countries? Compare and contrast Austria and Switzerland. 4.1.3 Explain the relationship between a place’s physical, political, and cultural characteristics and the type of governance that characterizes that place. How do Spain and Portugal differ from the rest of Europe? 4.2.1 Identify social, political, and economic divisions at the local, state, national, and international levels. Why is Greece considered a mixture of western and eastern cultures? 4.2.2 Describe international and multinational organizations of cooperation. 4.2.3 Describe various factors involved in the development of nation-states. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 6 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture 2.0 Economics 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics 5.0 History 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions Topics Covered Learning Expectations 4.1 Understand the nature, complexity, and influence of systems of governance. 4.2 Understand the forces of cooperation and conflict that shape the divisions of Earth’s surface. 5.1 Understand the patterns of human settlement. 5.2 Recognize that places change over time. 6.1 Understand the impact of individual and group decisions on citizens and communities. 6.2 Understand how groups can effect change at local, regional, and global levels. State Performance Indicators 4.2.5 Explain factors that affect the cohesiveness and integration of countries. 4.2.6 Describe ideas and mechanisms that governments develop to meet the needs and wants of citizens, regulate territory, manage conflict, and establish order and security. 4.3.2 Interpret governmental and international responses to various environmental issues. 5.1.1 Describe reasons for similarities and differences in the population size and density of different regions. 5.1.3 Compare and contrast factors involved in the growth and development of cities. 5.1.4 Evaluate the causes and consequences of urbanization. 5.1.5 Compare and contrast the functions of cities today with settlements of earlier times. 5.2.1 Describe how physical and human geographic factors impact a place and influence historic events and movements. 5.2.3 Evaluate the impact of changes in land use on physical and human systems. 5.2.4 Evaluate the impact of historical events and patterns such as use of resources, exploration, colonization, and settlement of different regions of the world on various regions of the contemporary world. Essential Questions and Resources All Units: How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? What are the major landforms of the region? What makes this a distinctive region of the world? Central and Eastern Europe: How did WWI affect Poland? How was Poland affected by the fall of communism? What are the economic challenges of the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Hungary? How do the cultures of these countries compare? How has the fall of communism affected the countries of the Balkan Peninsula? What internal tensions exist among these countries? What is the plight of the Ukraine? What is the link of Russia and the border nations? 6.1.3 Explain the role of places and regions in shaping individual and group identity and in serving as symbols for unity or disunity. 6.2.2 Explain the impact of role, status, and social class on the interactions of individuals and social groups in various regions of the world. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 7 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture 2.0 Economics Topics Covered Learning Expectations State Performance Indicators 6.2.3 Explore the causes, consequences, and possible solutions applied by governing bodies to persistent global issues such as health, security, resource allocation, economic development, and environmental quality. 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics 5.0 History 6.2.4 Assess the role of multiple points of view in developing and determining policies dealing with such issues as the use and management of Earth’s resources, sustainable development, world health, and international conflict and cooperation. Essential Questions and Resources All Units: How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? What are the major landforms of the region? What makes this a distinctive region of the world? 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions 6.3.2 Analyze a variety of contemporary issues in terms of Earth’s physical and human systems. Russia and Northern Eurasia: 1.1.2 Describe the location of major cultural attributes such as language, religion, political systems, economic systems, and population centers both regionally and globally. What are the opportunities and challenges of Siberia? 1.1.3 Describe how human characteristics make specific regions of the world distinctive. What were the conditions of Russia under communism? What was Russia like under the czars? 1.1.4 Compare and contrast the impact of various aspects of culture on the political and economic systems of various regions of the world. How did the end of communism affect Russia? 1.1.5 Analyze the role of cultural diffusion and interactions among Earth’s human systems in the ongoing development of Earth’s cultural landscapes. What are common methods of transportation? What is Russian society like today? What economic and environmental challenges does Russia face? 1.1.6 Analyze the role culture plays in incidents of cooperation and conflict in the contemporary world. 1.2.1 Describe characteristics of physical environments that contribute to the growth and development of cultures. 1.2.2 Compare and contrast how cultures differ in their use of environments and resources. 1.2.3 Analyze how communication, transportation and other forms of technology contribute to the development of a culture. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 8 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture 2.0 Economics 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics Topics Covered Learning Expectations State Performance Indicators 1.3.1 Explain how information and experiences may be interpreted differently from people of diverse cultural perspectives and frames of reference. 1.3.2 Demonstrate how language, art, music, belief systems, and other cultural elements facilitate global understanding or cause misunderstanding. Essential Questions and Resources All Units: How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? What are the major landforms of the region? 5.0 History 1.3.3 Analyze the role of various aspects of culture in unifying or fragmenting a society’s perception of places and regions. 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions 2.1.1 Describe various types of economies and their methods of production and consumption (e.g., market economy, free enterprise, capitalism, communism, and socialism). What makes this a distinctive region of the world? Central and Southwest Asia: How has climate and politics shaped Georgia’s economy? 2.2.1 Describe the spatial organization of contemporary economic trade networks. What is the affect of Islam on the people of Central Asia? 2.2.2 Explain the major components of and reasons for world trade. What are the major cultural groups of Israel and what role do they play on its history? 2.2.6 Evaluate the domestic and international impact of various economic agreements, both regionally and globally. How have politics and conflict changed Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq? 2.2.7 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of international economic patterns (e.g., international debt, investment of foreign capital, multi-national corporations, foreign-owned businesses). How has the discovery of oil changed the Arabian peninsula? How have conflict and religion affected Turkey, Iran and Cyprus? 2.3.1 Describe the characteristics, location, and use of renewable and nonrenewable resources, regionally and globally. 2.3.2 Explain the relationship between the use, availability, and accessibility of resources and a country’s standard of living, including the role of technology in resource acquisition and use. 2.3.3 Describe world patterns of resource distribution and utilization. 3.1.6 Construct maps and other geographic representations using primary data. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 9 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture 2.0 Economics 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics Topics Covered Learning Expectations State Performance Indicators 3.2.1 Describe the relative location of, size of, and distances between Earth’s major physical, biological, and human geographic features. 3.2.2 Describe the approximate locations of major political and economic cultures. Essential Questions and Resources All Units: How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? What are the major landforms of the region? 5.0 History 3.3.2 Analyze patterns of spatial organization including why some areas are more densely populated than others and the differences between rural, urban, and suburban patterns. 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions 3.3.3 Explain factors that affect spatial organization of Earth’s surface such as transportation, migration, and communication technology. Africa: 3.3.4 Demonstrate the use of spatial organization, principles of location, and land use patterns in policies and decisions. 3.4.3 Analyze the symbiotic relationship between the physical and human environments and how it is reflected on Earth’s surface. What makes this a distinctive region of the world? How has Africa been divided by its geography, history, and conflicts? How has Egypt’s past and physical characteristics affected the nation? What are the main goals of the Sahel nations? How has political turmoil affected Central Africa? 3.5.3 Compare and contrast how cultures influence the characteristics of regions and how human characteristics make specific regions of the world distinctive. 3.5.5 Demonstrate ways in which regional systems are structured. What are some issues that have divided east African nations? How has drought affected east African nations? What characteristics have divided South Africa? 3.6.3 Explain how physical processes affect different regions of the world. 3.6.4 Explain and analyze the distribution of different physical processes (e.g., tectonic activity, different types of weather and climatic patterns, vegetation patterns). 3.6.5 Explain the distribution of Earth’s various ecosystems. 3.7.2 Compare and contrast ways in which the physical environment affects life in different regions, regionally and globally. Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 10 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture Topics Covered Learning Expectations State Performance Indicators 3.7.4 Evaluate the limits and opportunities of physical environments for human activities. 2.0 Economics 3.0 Geography 4.0 Governance and Civics 5.0 History 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions 3.8.4 Compare and contrast ways in which technology influences the human capacity to modify the physical environment. Essential Questions and Resources All Units: How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? 3.8.5 Explain and illustrate the role of human activity in increasing or decreasing certain biological components of various physical environments. What are the major landforms of the region? 3.9.2 Explain how demographic concepts such as population distribution, population density, birth and death rate, fertility rate, and infant mortality are used to describe population characteristics of a country or region. South Asia: What makes this a distinctive region of the world? What role did Gandhi play in India’s quest for independence? How is India attempting to raise the standard of living? 3.9.8 Predict the impact of human migration and other population changes on Earth’s physical and human systems, regionally and globally. How has religious conflict contributed to the independence of Bangladesh and Pakistan? 4.1.2 Compare and contrast different political systems, worldwide, with that of the United States and describe political leaders from selected contemporary settings. How does limited rainfall affect Pakistanis? 4.1.3 Explain the relationship between a place’s physical, political, and cultural characteristics and the type of governance that characterizes that place. How does the landscape of Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka differ? 4.1.4 Analyze the impact of such geographic developments as human migration, economic global interdependence, transportation and communication routes, and technology on the characteristics of various contemporary systems of governance and civics. What are the difficulties facing the people and government of Bangladesh? East Asia: How did modern China emerge? What is China’s relationship with its neighbors? How has Japan’s economy developed? 4.2.1 Identify social, political, and economic divisions at the local, state, national, and international levels. What factors encourage Japan’s unity? 4.2.4 Describe conditions and motivations that contribute to conflict, cooperation, and interdependence among groups, societies, and nations. How did the peninsula become two separate countries? 5.1.1 Describe reasons for similarities and differences in the population size and density of different regions. How has conflict affected the countries of Southeast Asia? Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography How has China influenced the Koreans? How has European influence changed Southeast Asia? Page 11 of 12 Standard 1.0 Culture Topics Covered Learning Expectations State Performance Indicators Essential Questions and Resources 5.1.2 Interpret changes in the location and size of human settlements. All Units: 3.0 Geography 5.2.1 Describe how physical and human geographic factors impact a place and influence historic events and movements. How does the climate of the region affect the culture, vegetation and population distribution of the region? 4.0 Governance and Civics 5.2.3 Evaluate the impact of changes in land use on physical and human systems. What are the major cultural characteristics of the region? 5.0 History 6.1.3 Explain the role of places and regions in shaping individual and group identity and in serving as symbols for unity or disunity. 2.0 Economics What are the major landforms of the region? 6.0 Individuals, Groups and Interactions What makes this a distinctive region of the world? Pacific World: 6.1.5 Evaluate ways regional, ethnic, and national cultures influence individuals’ daily lives. 6.2.1 Describe ways family, groups, and community influence daily life and personal choices, regionally and globally. How has migration affected Australia’s population and land use? Why do the people live mostly in urban areas? How has New Zealand’s European majority affected the Mauri way of life and the economy of the region? Why is Antarctica considered to be a land of valuable natural resources? Lawrence County School System Secondary Curriculum World Geography Page 12 of 12