Download KINGDOM: Fungi, DOMAIN: Eukarya

KINGDOM: Fungi, DOMAIN: Eukarya
Description:
Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.
Description (cont.)
• They are almost all multicellular
• They are all eukaryotes.
• They have cell walls made of chitin.
– (Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.)
Where do Fungi Live?
• Moist habitats world wide
Common Examples: mushrooms, yeast, bread mold
Mode(s) of Nutrition
• Fungi are adapted to absorb their food from the
environment.
• Fungi absorb food through hyphae
• Fungi are NOT producers!!! They are CONSUMERS!!!
– (Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize.)
.
Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually.
• Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually.
• Ex. Yeasts:
- reproduce asexually through budding.
– form asci during sexual reproduction.
Budding yeast
•
All fungi form spores and zygotes.
Sporangia
Spores
Sporangia are structures that produce spores.
Diagram
Parts of a Typical Fungus:
–hyphae = long strands of
the fungi body
– mycellium = long tangled
masses of hyphae
– fruiting body = a
reproductive structure visible
above ground
Classified by: How they reproduce and shape
of their fruiting body.
Fungi Main Groups and Examples
• Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores.
• Sac fungi form a reproductive sac, or ascus.
– Ex. Yeasts are single-celled sac fungi.
– Ex. Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.
Morels
Moss cup fungi: Scarlet Elf Cup
• Bread molds are often found on spoiled food.
– form zygospores during reproduction
– mycorrhizae belong to this group
Fungi come in many shapes and sizes.
• Club fungi have fruiting
bodies which are clubshaped.
– reproductive structures
called basidia
– include: mushrooms,
puffballs, and
shelf fungi
Puffballs release a cloud of spores
when the fruiting body matures
and bursts.
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– distinctive reproductive
structures
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual
reproduction or both
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual
reproduction or both
How Fungi Help Man
• Food – we eat many forms of fungi
– Ex. Mushrooms, Truffles, Morels
– Many foods are flavored by fungi action
– Some alcoholic beverages are made by fungi
– Fungi (Yeast) make bread dough rise
•Medicines- many antibiotics are produced from
fungi
•Fungi are studied for many purposes.
How Fungi Hurt Man
• Fungi can be pathogens of man:
– Diseases include: atheletes foot, ringworm, some
forms of respiratory illnesses, yeast infections
•Fungi can be pathogens of animals and crops:
•Cost farmers $$$
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Fungi can act as pathogens.
– human diseases include ringworm and athlete’s foot
– plant diseases include Dutch elm disease, peach scab,
and gray mold on strawberries
Athlete’s foot
Dutch elm disease is
spread by the adult elm
bark beetle as they lay
their eggs.
Special Roles in Ecosystems
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi may be decomposers or mutualists.
• Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any
ecosystem.
– decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals
– return nutrients to the soil
– But, can damage fruit trees and wooden structures
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Fungi can act as mutualists = both organisms in
relationship benefit.
– Ex. Mycorrhizae form between fungi and plants
– Helps plants absorb nutrients by adding length and
increased surface area to their roots
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Fungi can act as mutualists
– Ex. lichens form between fungi and algae (or
cyanobacteria)
– Help aid in soil development by breaking down rocks
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Fungi can act as mutualists.
– relationships form between fungi and some insects
Leaf cutter ants bring leaves back to their
nests to provide food for fungi. The ants
then eat the growing fungal mycelium.