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AP European History UNIT 6 STUDY GUIDE -- “The 19th Century, 1815-1870” I. Timeline: 4 weeks II. Area of Emphasis: peace settlement; radical ideas and early socialism; Romantic Movement; reforms and revolutions; Revolutions of 1848; taming the city; rich and poor and those in between; the changing family, science and thought; Napoleon III in France; nation building in Italy and Germany; nation building in the United States; modernization of Russia, Responsive National State, 1871-1914; Marxism and the Socialist Movement; industrialization and the world economy; Great Migration; Western Imperialism; Responses to Western Imperialism III. Chapters: 23, 24, and 25 IV. Key Terms: Listed below are important events, people, and terms you need to know for this unit. You must create flashcards for 50 of these words. You must create flashcards for the terms in bold print and then you may select any other terms you wish to complete the 50. You should have the term on one side and a definition as well as significance to European history on the other side. Not all of the terms will be in your textbook. Chapter 23 Congress of Vienna Legitimacy Balance of power Great Powers of the 19th c. Klemens von Metternich Conservatism Sturm and drang Liberalism Economic liberalism (laissez-faire) Political liberalism Nationalism Utopian Socialism Henri de Saint-Simon Charles Fourier Louis Blanc National workshops Anarchism Pierre Joseph Proudhon Marxian Socialism Communist Manifesto Georg Hegel Hegelian Dialect Chapter 23 Cont. Romanticism Classicism Greek Independence, 1822 Corn Laws Six Acts Reform Bill of 1832 Rotten boroughs Chartism Anti-Corn Law League Peterloo Massacre Tory Party Whig Party Irish Potato Famine Revolution of 1830 Charles X Louis Philippe Revolutions of 1848 French Rev. of 1848 National workshops June Days Louis Napoleon Louis Kossuth Frankfurt Assembly Chapter 24 2nd Industrial Revolution Industrialization Urbanization City of Manchester Edwin Chadwick Jeremy Bentham Utilitarianism Louis Pasteur Germ theory Joseph Lister Antiseptic principle Baron Haussmann Bourgeoisie Labor aristocracy Proletariat Semi-skilled workers Unskilled workers Middle-class morality Declining church membership “romantic love” Separate spheres Middle-class feminists New woman Emmeline Pankhurst Socialism and women Middle-class child rearing practices Sigmund Freud Auguste Comte Positivism Charles Darwin Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism Realism Emile Zola Chapter 25 Napoleon III 2nd French Republic 2nd French Empire Piedmont-Sardinia Pope Pius IX Camillio Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Red Shirts Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik Austro-Prussian Rivalry German Confederation North German Confederation Schleswig-Holstein question Franco-Prussian War Alexander II autocracy “Great Reforms” Crimean War Zemstvos Sergei Witte Russo-Japanese War Nicholas II Revolution of 1905 Bloody Sunday October Manifesto Duma Mass politics Demagogues Kulturkampf German Social Democratic Party Chapter 25 Cont. 3rd French Republic Paris Commune Dreyfus Affair J’Accuse La Belle Epoque Conservative Party Benjamin Disraeli Liberal Party David Lloyd George William Gladstone Irish Home Rule Ulsterites Austro-Hungarian Empire Dual Monarchy Anti-Semitism Karl Lueger Theodore Herzel Zionism Socialist International 2nd International Syndicalism Revisionist socialism Welfare state Thematic Topic Outline for Unit 6 XIX. Conservatism, Nationalism, Liberalism, and Socialism in Politics A. Congress of Vienna (1814-15) and the Concert of Europe (1815-48) B. Conservatism throughout Europe (e.g., Carlsbad Decrees, Peterloo Massacre) 1. Characteristics 2. Responses to revolutions between 1815 and 1848 C. Nationalism 1. Nationalist philosophy 2. National revolutionary movements (1815-48) 3. German unification (1871) 4. Italian unification (1870) 5. Austria-Hungary D. Liberalism 1. The Enlightenment: Classical liberalism (e.g., Mill) 2. France (Revolutions of 1830, 1848), Louis Napoleon 3. England: 1832 Reform Bill, labor reform, Corn Laws repeal, Chartists 4. Italy 5. Germany 6. Austria 7. Russia: emancipation of the serfs (1861) E. Socialism 1. Utopian 2. Marxist 3. 1848 XX. Romanticism A. Characteristics B. Early German Romantics (e.g., Goethe) C. English Romantic poetry (e.g., Wordsworth, Shelley) D. French literature (e.g., Hugo) E. Art (e.g., Delacroix) F. Music (e.g., Beethoven, Chopin) XXI. Urbanization and Life in the Late Nineteenth Century A. Living conditions B. Improvement in health (e.g., Pasteur) C. Urban planning and public transportation D. Social structure: classes and the changing family XXII. Intellectual Movements in the Late Nineteenth Century A. Science (e.g., Darwin, Freud) B. Realism (e.g., Zola, Eliot, Tolstoy, Millet) C. Impressionism (e.g., Monet) D. Postimpressionism (e.g., Van Gogh, Cézanne) E. Religion (e.g., Rerum Novarum [1891]) XXIII. The Age of Mass Politics A. German Empire 1. Prince Otto von Bismarck (1871-90) 2. Wilhelm I (1871-88) and Wilhelm II (1888–1918) 3. Social Democratic Party (SPD) 4. First welfare state B. Third French Republic 1. Paris Commune (1871) 2. National Assembly: political parties and leaders 3. Challenges to the republic (e.g., Dreyfus Affair) C. Great Britain 1. Political parties and leaders (e.g., Disraeli, Gladstone) 2. Political reforms (e.g., Reform Bill of 1867) 3. The Irish Question D. Austrian Empire 1. Dual Monarchy (Ausgleich) 2. Nationalities 3. Reforms E. The Eastern Question 1. Russia versus the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans 2. Pan-Slavism 3. Other European rivals in the Balkans 4. Congress of Berlin (1878) F. Russia 1. Defeat in the Crimean War, impulse for modernization 2. Alexander II (1855-81): emancipation of the serfs (1861) 3. Slavophiles, Nihilists, Westernizers 4. Economic development 5. Nicholas II (1894-1917) a. Russo–Japanese War (19045) b. Revolution of 1905, “Bloody Sunday” c. Duma G. Impact of Marxism in the age of mass politics XXIV. Women’s Suffrage A. Britain B. Russia C. Scandinavia