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Chapter 12/13 Temporal Bone Paranasal Sinuses Petrous Pyramids • Dense portion on temporal bone • Houses – ______________ – ______________ The Ear • 3 Portions – __________ – __________ – __________ External Ear • ____________ • Tragus • EAM Middle Ear • 3 parts – ______________(ear drum) – Tympanic cavity – Auditory ____________ Tympanic Cavity • Contains Auditory Ossicles • ___________________(Attic) – Superior aspect • ________________proper – Larger – Inferior aspect – ________________ • Passage from middle ear to nasopharynx • Equalizes pressure Ossicle Articulations • ________________ – Attached to tympanic membrane – Receives vibrations and relates to • _______________ – Transmits vibrations from Malleus and passes on to • _______________ – Smallest – Transmits vibrations to oval window Internal Ear • Area of hearing and equilibrium • Contains 2 parts – ______________Labyrinth – ______________ Labyrinth • Area within the osseous labyrinth Osseous Labyrinth • 3 parts – ______________ • For hearing • Round window – ____________ • Oval window – _____________ • For equilibrium Internal Acoustic Meatus • Area of ______________-nerves • ____________best to visualize Mastoids • Inferior portion of Temporal bone • _____________ – Connects to middle ear from ________ by way of the __________ • Due to this direct connection _______ can reach mastoid air cells. Sinuses • Air filled _____________ – Lined with mucus membranes • Surrounding the ______________ • All communicate with each other by way of nasal cavity Osteomeatal Complex • Area where ___________ is collected • Made of – _________- Nasal Conchae (Turbinates) – _________ – Spaces between conchae • From the ____________complex to the nasal cavities Sinuses Con’t • Maxillary (2) • Frontal (usually 2) • Ethmoid (Many) • Sphenoid (1 or 2) Maxillary Sinus “Antrum of Highmore” • ____________ • Located in the body of ____________ – Lateral to Nasal cavity • Communicates to osteomeatal complex by way of ______________ into middle nasal meatus (Separated by ____________of ethmoid) Frontal Sinus • Located between inner and outer table of skull in frontal bone – Posterior to ___________ • Can have 2 (most common) or 1 large sinus – Irregular shaped • Communicate to osteomeatal complex by Ethmoid sinus through _______________ Ethmoid Sinus • Located within the ethmoid bone lateral masses • Many ________________ – Anterior, middle, posterior collections • Communicates with the osteomeatal complex directly by way of anterior collections and drains into ____________ Sphenoid Sinus • Located in the body of the sphenoid bone – ______________ • Can have 2 or 1 sinus • Communicates to the osteomeatal complex by way of the _______________ Imaging the sinuses • • • • • • Routine ________________________ Waters (Parietoacanthial) PA Caldwell Right or Left Lateral SMV 40” SID 70-80 kVp Waters • Tip of chin on IR Nose _____________ • MML Line perpendicular – OML forms 37° • Mid sagittal line perpendicular • CR to exit ________________ • Open mouth can show – _____________ PA Caldwell • PA Projection, Upright • OML ________________ – ___________and OML Perpendicular • Mid sagittal plane perpendicular • CR to ________________ Lateral • Right or left site dependant of area of interest or department protocol. Upright • Place pt into anterior oblique • Interpupillary line perpendicular to IR • ___________to front of cassette • CR to enter between __________________ SMV • Upright • Tilt head back so _____________to IR • Mid sagittal perpendicular • CR to enter between _________________ CT Invasion • Thin _______________ • Better visualization of _________complex