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COUNTRY DATA: Fiji : Information from the CIA World Factbook INTRODUCTION Fiji became independent in 1970 after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987 caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). The coups and a 1990 constitution that cemented native Melanesian control of Fiji led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. A new constitution enacted in 1997 was more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a civilian-led coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government led by Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE. Reelected in May 2006, QARASE was ousted in a December 2006 military coup led by Commodore Voreqe BAINIMARAMA, who initially appointed himself acting president but in January 2007 became interim prime minister. Since taking power BAINIMARAMA has neutralized his opponents, crippled Fiji's democratic institutions, and refused to hold elections. GEOGRAPHY Location Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Area total: 18,274 sq km Climate tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation Natural Resources timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower Total Renewable Water Resources 28.6 cu km (1987) Freshwater Withdrawal total: 0.07 cu km/yr (14%/14%/71%) per capita: 82 cu m/yr (2000) Natural Hazards cyclonic storms can occur from November to January Environmental Issues deforestation; soil erosion PEOPLE Population 883,125 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 159 Ethnic Groups Fijian 57.3% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 37.6%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 3.9% (European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 census) Religions Christian 64.5% (Methodist 34.6%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 3.9%, Anglican 0.8%, other 10.4%), Hindu 27.9%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other or unspecified 0.3%, none 0.7% (2007 census) Languages English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani Literacy Rate definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.7% male: 95.5% female: 91.9% (2003 est.) Major Infectious Diseases N/A GOVERNMENT Type republic Independence 10 October 1970 (from the UK) Constitution enacted on 25 July 1997; effective on 28 July 1998; note - it encourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty government mandatory Legal System based on British system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction ECONOMY Agricultural Products sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish Industries tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries Import commodities manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals Import Partners Singapore 27.27%, Australia 19.36%, NZ 15.15%, China 6.92%, India 5.23%, Thailand 4.25% (2009) Export Commodities sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil Export Partners US 15.21%, Australia 12.11%, UK 11.23%, Samoa 5.39%, Tonga 4.74%, Japan 4.44% (2009) Per Capita GDP $4,300 (2010 est.) Population below poverty line 25.5% (FY90/91) *CITATIONS: All information included above is extracted from the CIA World Factbook except where noted. Country Data: Information from Human Development Report COUNTRY: FIJI General Life Expectancy at Birth (in years) 69.2 Average number of years in School (in years) 13.0 Gross National Income Per Capita (In US Dollars) 4,315 Gender Inequality Female Seats in Parliament (%) .. Population with at least a Secondary Education Female (% 0f 25 and older) 86.6 Population with at least a Secondary Education Male (% 0f 25 and older) 88.6 Labor Force Participation Female (%) 40.2 Labor Force Participation Male (%) 80.4 Births Attended by Skilled Health Professionals (%) 99 Poverty Population surviving on $1.25 per day (%) Empowerment Number of Journalists Imprisoned 0 Corruption Victims (% of people who face a bribe situation in the last year) Political Engagement (% percent of people who voiced opinion to public officials) .. .. Sustainability Fossil Fuels as Primary Energy Source (%) .. Renewable Resources as Primary Energy Source (%) .. Population without Access to Water (%) .. Population Without Access to Sanitation Services (%) .. Population affected by natural disasters (% between 2000-2009) 6,720 Human Security Number of Refugees leaving this country 1.9 Number of Internally Displaced People in This Country .. Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) <5 Demographics Urban Residents (% of total Population) 51.9 Health HIV Prevalence in Female Youth (% ages 15-24) .. HIV Prevalence in Male Youth (% ages 15-24) 0.1 HIV Prevalence in Adults (% ages 15-49) 0.1 Other Official Development Assistance Per Capita (in US dollars) 53.9 Population without Electricity (%) ..