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M A N Y V O I C E S L A N G U A G E Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Skillbook Level J Perfection Learning® Gr10_Workbook.indd 1 9/14/06 9:01:54 AM Table of Contents Chapter 1: The Parts of Speech Finding Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding Common and Proper Nouns. . . Capitalizing Proper Nouns . . . . . . . Common and Proper Nouns . . . . . . Finding Compound and Collective Nouns Spelling Compound Nouns . . . . . . . Finding Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . Correcting Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding Indefinite, Demonstrative, and Interrogative Pronouns . . . . . Using Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing Indefinite Pronouns to Change Meaning . . . . . . . . . Mixed Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding Action Verbs . . . . . . . . . Using Specific Verbs . . . . . . . . . . Finding Transitive and Intransitive Verbs . . . . . . . . . Finding Verb Phrases . . . . . . . . . Using Verb Phrases . . . . . . . . . . Verb Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding Linking Verbs . . . . . . . . . Distinguishing between Linking Verbs and Action Verbs . . . . . . Using Linking Verbs and Action Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quick Check Mixed Practice . . . . . . Finding Adjectives. . . . . . . . . . . Writing Adjectives and Articles Correctly Determining Word Use . . . . . . . . Using Adjectives as Different Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . Finding Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . Using Adverbs to Modify Verbs . . . . . Finding Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . Using Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixed Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . Using Prepositions and Adverbs . . . . . Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . Finding Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 . . 15 . . 16 . . 17 . . . . . . . . 18 19 20 21 . . . . . . . . . . 22 23 24 25 26 . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 29 30 31 32 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Using Conjunctions to Combine Sentences . . Finding Interjections. . . . Identifying Parts of Speech . Determining Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chaper 2: The Sentence Base Recognizing Sentences and Fragments . . . . . . . . Finding Complete and Simple Subjects . . . . . . . . Finding Subjects . . . . . . . . . Position of Subjects . . . . . . . . Finding Complete Predicates and Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . Finding Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . Using Vivid Verbs . . . . . . . . . Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding Compound Subjects and Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . Combining Subjects and Verbs . . . Subject and Verb Agreement . . . . Recognizing Sentences and Fragments Finding Direct Objects . . . . . . . Finding Direct and Indirect Objects . Composing Sentences with Direct Objects . . . . . . . . Direct and Indirect Objects . . . . . Finding Predicate Nominatives . . . Finding Predicate Adjectives . . . . Finding Subject Complements . . . Complements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . 50 . . . . 51 . . . . 52 . . . . 53 54 55 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 58–59 . . 60 . . 61 . . 62 . . 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 65 66 67 68 69 Chapter 3: Phrases Recognizing Adjective Phrases as Modifiers . . . . . Adding Adjective Phrases . . . . Adjective Phrases . . . . . . . . Recognizing Adverb Phrases as Modifiers . . . . . . . . Punctuating Adverb Phrases . . . Adverb Phrases . . . . . . . . . Finding Appositives and Appositive Phrases. . . . . . Writing Sentences with Appositive Phrases. . . . . . Appositives and Appositive Phrases . . . . . 70 . . . . . 71 . . . . . 72 . . . . . 73 . . . . . 74 . . . . . 75 . . . . . 76 . . . . . 77 . . . . . 78 Many Voices Language • Book J Gr10_Workbook.indd 3 45 46 47 48 3 9/14/06 8:51:19 AM Table of Contents Finding Participles. . . . . . . . . . Recognizing Participial Phrases as Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas with Participial Phrases Writing Sentences . . . . . . . . . . Recognizing Gerunds . . . . . . . . Recognizing Gerund Phrases . . . . . Understanding the Uses of Gerund Phrases . . . . . . . . . Using Verbs as Gerunds and Participles . . . . . . . . . . . Recognizing Infinitives . . . . . . . . Recognizing Infinitive Phrases . . . . Understanding the Uses of Infinitive Phrases . . . . . . . . Adding Infinitives to Sentences . . . . Infinitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recognizing Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers . . . . . . . Verbals as Modifiers . . . . . . . . . Recognizing Phrase Fragments . . . . . . . 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 81 82 83 84 . . . 85 . . . 86 . . . 87 . . . 88 . . . 89 . . . 90 . . . 91 . . . 92 . . . 93 . . . 94 Chapter 4: Clauses Identifying Subordinate Clauses . Writing Sentences Using Subordinate Clauses . . . . Identifying Subordinating Conjunctions . . . . . . . Recognizing Adverb Clauses as Modifiers . . . . . . . . . Punctuating Adverb Clauses . . Identifying Relative Pronouns . . Recognizing Adjective Clauses as Modifiers . . . . . . . Determining the Function of a Relative Pronoun . . . . . Punctuating Adjective Clauses . Identifying Misplaced Modifiers. Identifying Noun Clauses. . . . Determining the Uses of Noun Clauses . . . . . . . Writing Sentences with Noun Clauses . . . . . . . Classifying Sentences . . . . . Recognizing Clause Fragments . Complete Sentences . . . . . . Recognizing Run-on Sentences . Complete Sentences . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 95 . . . . . . 96 . . . . . . 97 . . . . . . 98 . . . . . . 99 . . . . . 100 . . . . . 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 103 104 105 . . . . . 106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 108 109 110 111 112 Chapter 5: Using Verbs Determining the Principal Parts of Verbs. . . . . . . . . Using the Correct Verb Form . . . . Correcting Verb Forms. . . . . . . Determining the Correct Verb Form . Using the Correct Verb Form . . . . Editing for Correct Verb Forms . . . Using the Correct Verb Form . . . . Supplying the Correct Verb Form . . Correcting Verb Forms. . . . . . . Using Problem Verbs Correctly . . . Determining the Correct Verb Form . Correcting Verb Forms. . . . . . . Problem Verbs . . . . . . . . . . Past Participles . . . . . . . . . . Identifying Verb Tenses . . . . . . Choosing the Correct Tense . . . . Using the Proper Tense . . . . . . Verb Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . Identifying Progressive and Emphatic Forms . . . . . . . . Writing Sentences . . . . . . . . . Progressive and Emphatic Forms . . Identifying Tenses . . . . . . . . . Identifying Shifts in Tense . . . . . Recognizing Active and Passive Voice Using Active Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Chapter 6: Using Pronouns Determining Case . . . . . . . Using Pronouns as Subjects. . . Using Pronouns as Subjects and Predicate Nominatives . Using Pronouns as Predicate Nominatives . . . Supplying Pronouns in the Nominative Case . . . . . Using Pronouns Correctly . . . Writing Sentences with Pronouns Nominative Case Pronouns . . . Using Pronouns as Direct and Indirect Objects . . . . Using Objective Case Pronouns . Using Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions . . . . . . Supplying Pronouns in the Objective Case . . . . . Using Objective Case . . . . . 138 . . . . . 139 . . . . . 140 . . . . . 141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 143 144 145 . . . . . 146 . . . . . 147 . . . . . 148 . . . . . 149 Many Voices Language • Book J Gr10_Workbook.indd 4 9/14/06 8:51:20 AM Table of Contents Pronouns Correctly . . . . . . . . . 150 Writing Sentences with Pronouns . . . . . 151 Nominative and Objective Case Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Correcting Pronoun Use . . . . . . . . . 153 Using Pronouns in the Possessive Case . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Using Possessive Pronouns Correctly. . . . 155 Possessive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Correct Pronoun Use . . . . . . . . . . 157 Using Forms of Who in Questions . . . . . 158 Using Forms of Who in Clauses . . . . . . 159 Using Who and Whom Correctly . . . . . 160 Using Pronouns in Elliptical Clauses . . . . 161 Writing Sentences with Elliptical Clauses . . 162 Using Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Using Pronouns with and as Appositives . . 164 Writing Sentences Using Appositives . . . 165 Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Correct Pronoun Usage . . . . . . . . . 167 Making Pronouns and Antecedents Agree . . . . . . . . . 168 Using Pronouns and Antecedents Correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Making Pronouns Agree . . . . . . . . . 170 Using Pronouns and Antecedents Correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Pronouns and Antecedents . . . . . . 172–173 Identifying Unclear, Missing, or Confusing Antecedents. . . . . . . . 174 Using Pronouns and Antecedents Correctly . . . . . . . . 175 Chapter 7: Subject and Verb Agreement Making Subjects and Verbs Agree . . Correcting Subject and Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . Making Interrupted Subjects and Verbs Agree . . . . . . . . Subject and Verb Agreement . . . . Making Verbs Agree with Compound Subjects . . . . . . Correcting Errors in Agreement . . Making Verbs Agree with Indefinite Pronoun Subjects. . . Correcting Subject and Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . Making Subjects and Verbs in Inverted Order Agree . . . . . Writing Sentences in Inverted Order . . . . 176 . . . 177 . . . 178 . 179–180 . . . 181 . . . 182 . . . 183 . . . 184 Mixed Practice . . . . . . . . . . Making Problem Subjects and Verbs Agree. . . . . . . . . . Correcting Subject-Verb Agreement with Problem Subjects . . . . . Making Subjects and Verbs Agree . . Mixed Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 . . . 188 . . . 189 . 190–191 . . . 192 Chapter 8: Using Adjective and Adverbs Determining Degrees of Comparison . . . . . . . . . . Forming the Comparison of Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Correct Form of Comparison . . . . . . . . . . Writing Sentences with Forms of Comparison . . . . . . . . . . Using the Correct Form of Comparison Mixed Practice . . . . . . . . . . . Identifying the Correct Form of Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Modifiers Correctly . . . . . . Adjectives and Adverbs . . . . . . . Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 . . 194 . . 195 . . 196 . . 197 . . 198 . . . . . . . . 199 200 201 202 A Writer’s Glossary of Usage Finding the Correct Word . Recognizing Correct Usage . Finding the Correct Word . Writing Negatives Correctly Repetition . . . . . . . . Finding the Correct Word . Recognizing Correct Usage . Finding the Correct Word . Recognizing Correct Usage . Correct Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 . . 204 . . 205 . . 206 . . 207 . . 208 . . 209 210–211 . . 212 213–214 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215–217 . . 218 219–223 . . 224 225–226 227–228 229–230 . . 231 . . 232 . . 233 Chapter 9: Capital Letters Using Capital Letters . . . . . Capitalizing Geographical Names Using Capital Letters . . . . . Capitalizing Proper Nouns . . . Using Capital Letters . . . . . Capital Letters . . . . . . . . Capitalizing Proper Adjectives . Capitalizing Titles . . . . . . . Using Capital Letters Correctly . Mixed Practice: Capital Letters . . . . 185 . . . 186 Many Voices Language • Book J Gr10_Workbook.indd 5 5 9/14/06 8:51:20 AM Table of Contents Chapter 10: End Marks and Commas Classifying Sentences . . . . . . . . Identifying Correct Abbreviations . . . Using Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas to Separate . . . . . . Writing Sentences . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas Correctly. . . . . . . Using Commas with Compound Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . Writing Compound Sentences . . . . Using Commas in Compound Sentences Using Commas with Introductory Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . Writing Sentences . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas with Introductory Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas . . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas in a Letter . . . . . . Writing Commas . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas with Interrupters . . . Writing Sentences with Interrupters . . Using Commas with Interrupters . . . Using Commas with Nonessential Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . Writing Sentences . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas with Nonessential Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 . . 241 . . 242 . . 243 . . 244 . . 245 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 . . 253 . . 254 . . 255 Mixed Practice: Quotation Marks . . Using Quotation Marks Correctly . . Punctuating Dialogue . . . . . . . Mixed Practice: Italics and Quotation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 . . . 269 . . . 270 . . . 271 Chapter 12: Other Punctuation Using Possessive Nouns . . . . Forming Possessive Nouns . . . Using Possessive Nouns . . . . Using Possessive Pronouns . . . Using Apostrophes to Show Joint Ownership . . . . . . Using Apostrophes with Time or Amounts . . . . . Using Apostrophes . . . . . . Mixed Practice: Apostrophes . . Writing Contractions . . . . . Contractions and Possessive Pronouns . . . . Using Apostrophes . . . . . . Using Semicolons . . . . . . . Using Colons . . . . . . . . . Correcting for Colons . . . . . Colons and Semicolons . . . . Using Hyphens to Divide Words. Using Hyphens . . . . . . . . Using Dashes and Parentheses . Mixed Practice: Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 273–274 . . 275 276-277 . . . . . 278 . . . . . . . . . . . . 279–280 . . 281 . . 282 . . 283 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284–285 286–290 291–296 . . 297 . . 298 299–300 301–302 303–304 305–306 . . 307 Chapter 11: Italics and Quotation Marks Using Italics (Underlining) . . . . . . Using Underlining . . . . . . . . . . Using Quotation Marks with Titles . . Quotation Marks . . . . . . . . . . Direct Quotations . . . . . . . . . . Using Capital Letters with Direct Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . Using Commas with Direct Quotations Using Capital Letters with Direct Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . Using End Marks with Direct Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . Using End Marks with Quotations . . . 6 . . 256 . . 257 258–259 . . 260 . . 261 262–263 . . 264 . . 265 . . 266 . . 267 Many Voices Language • Book J Gr10_Workbook.indd 6 9/14/06 8:51:20 AM Name _____________________________________________________ Date ________________ CHAPTER 4 Clauses (pages 66–83) Determining the Uses of Noun Clauses ◆ Underline each noun clause. Then label how it is used in the sentence with one of the following abbreviations. direct object = DO subject = S indirect object =IO predicate nominative = PN object of the preposition = OP 1. Many people once believed that angry gods lived inside volcanoes. 2. What scientists hypothesize often occurs. 3. The government will make evacuation plans for whoever lives near El Popo. 4. The only trouble with the evacuation plan is that it may not work. 5. Give whoever lives near the volcano the evacuation plan. 6. Tell me what you will attempt to do to help the scientists. 7. How volcanoes erupt was thoroughly explained in science class today. 9. Did you know that even dormant volcanoes can become dangerous? ® 10. How the government responds depends on the scientists’ plans. Copyright © Perfection Learning All rights reserved. 8. The scientists’ opinion is that the volcano will erupt soon. 106 Many Voices Language • Level J: J Chapter • Chapter 2:4: The Clauses Sentence Base Gr10_Workbook.indd 106 9/14/06 8:51:32 AM Name _____________________________________________________ Date ________________ CHAPTER 4 Clauses (pages 66–83) Writing Sentences with Noun Clauses ◆ Complete the following sentences by adding noun clauses. 1. The scientists hope . 2. Did you know ? 3. I wonder . 4. The difficulty is . 5. It is no surprise . 6. They will bring back ® Copyright © Perfection Learning All rights reserved. . 7. Have they decided ? 8. Depending on the day’s weather . 9. The evacuation will . Many Voices Many Language Voices Language • Level J: Chapter • Level J 2:• The Chapter Sentence 4: Clauses Base Gr10_Workbook.indd 107 107 9/14/06 8:51:32 AM Name _____________________________________________________ Date ________________ CHAPTER 5 Using Verbs (pages 84–107) Writing Sentences ◆ For each verb listed below, write two sentences: one with the verb in progressive form and one with the verb in emphatic form. 1. write progressive emphatic 2. act progressive emphatic 3. sing progressive emphatic 4. direct emphatic ® 5. dance Copyright © Perfection Learning All rights reserved. progressive progressive emphatic 132 Many Voices Language • Level J: J Chapter • Chapter 2:5: The Using Sentence Verbs Base Gr10_Workbook.indd 132 9/14/06 8:51:35 AM Name _____________________________________________________ Date ________________ CHAPTER 5 Using Verbs (pages 84–107) Progressive and Emphatic Forms ◆ The counselor at your school has announced that a local museum is going ® Copyright © Perfection Learning All rights reserved. to accept applications from students who would like to spend the summer working in an art gallery. Write a letter to the director of the museum, explaining why you would like to have the job. Be sure to use some progressive and emphatic forms of verbs. ManyMany Voices Voices Language Language • Level • Level J: Chapter J • Chapter 2: The Sentence 5: Using Verbs Base Gr10_Workbook.indd 133 133 9/14/06 8:51:35 AM Name _____________________________________________________ Date ________________ CHAPTER 10 End Marks and Commas (pages 188–203) Using Commas with Interrupters Use commas to set off nouns of direct address, to set off parenthetical expressions, and to set off most appositives and their modifiers. ◆ Circle a or b to indicate which sentence in each pair shows the correct use of commas. 1. a. Mr. Donaldson, the most ambitious drama coach at our school, wants to direct a musical. b. Mr. Donaldson, the most ambitious drama coach at our school wants to direct a musical. 2. a. A musical is after all, one of the most challenging forms of theater. b. A musical is, after all, one of the most challenging forms of theater. 3. a. Randy, not Stewart, is being considered for the lead. b. Randy not Stewart, is being considered for the lead. 4. a. Have you ever heard him sing Mara? b. Have you ever heard him sing, Mara? ® 6. a. I hope everyone will work hard on the musical. b. I hope, everyone will work hard on the musical. Copyright © Perfection Learning All rights reserved. 5. a. Maria, is Dr. Angelo S. DeVito Jr. your voice coach or your acting coach? b. Maria, is Dr. Angelo S. DeVito, Jr., your voice coach or your acting coach? 7. a. Julia, has had many more years of performing experience moreover. b. Julia has had many more years of performing experience, moreover. 8. a. My oldest brother Joey hopes to work on the stage crew. b. My oldest brother, Joey, hopes to work on the stage crew. 250 Many Voices Language • Level J: J Chapter • Chapter 2:10: 5: The Using End Sentence Marks Verbs and BaseCommas Gr10_Workbook.indd 250 9/14/06 8:51:49 AM Name _____________________________________________________ Date ________________ CHAPTER 10 End Marks and Commas (pages 188–203) Writing Sentences with Interrupters ◆ Write sentences that follow each set of directions. Add commas where needed. 1. Write a sentence that uses a direct address at the beginning of the sentence. 2. Write a sentence that uses a parenthetical expression at the end of the sentence. 3. Write a sentence using an appositive in the middle of the sentence. 5. Write a sentence using a contrasting expression as a parenthetical expression. ® Copyright © Perfection Learning All rights reserved. 4. Write a sentence using a title or degree as an appositive. Many Voices ManyLanguage Many Voices Voices Language • Level Language J • • Level Chapter • Level J: Chapter 10: J •End Chapter 2:Marks The Sentence 5:and Using Commas Verbs Base Gr10_Workbook.indd 251 251 9/14/06 8:51:49 AM Name _____________________________________________________ Date ________________ CHAPTER 10 End Marks and Commas (pages 188–203) Writing Sentences with Interrupters ◆ Write sentences that follow each set of directions. Add commas where needed. 1. Write a sentence that uses a direct address at the beginning of the sentence. 2. Write a sentence that uses a parenthetical expression at the end of the sentence. 3. Write a sentence using an appositive in the middle of the sentence. 5. Write a sentence using a contrasting expression as a parenthetical expression. ® Copyright © Perfection Learning All rights reserved. 4. Write a sentence using a title or degree as an appositive. Many Voices ManyLanguage Many Voices Voices Language • Level Language J • • Level Chapter • Level J: Chapter 10: J •End Chapter 2:Marks The Sentence 5:and Using Commas Verbs Base Gr10_Workbook.indd 251 251 9/14/06 8:51:49 AM