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Fungus Foray - Clandeboye Estate, Bangor - Saturday, 2nd October 2010 The annual fungus foray was held in conjunction with the Northern Ireland Fungus Group (NIFG) and was joined by ten members of the Conservation Volunteer Northern Ireland's Green Gym initiative. The foray had kind permission from the Clandeboye estate to explore some of the more private grounds of the said estate. Wikipedia states that “…..The Clandeboye Estate is a country estate located in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, 12 miles (19 km) outside Belfast. Covering 2,000 acres (8.1 km2), it contains woodlands, formal and walled gardens, lawns, a lake, and 250 hectares (620 acres) of farmland. The estate is currently home to the Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava, widow of the last Marquess (the title being extinct).” No mention though is made of their delicious yoghurts! With the prospect of ancient forests and grasslands the estate promised an exciting foray. Despite a gloomy weather forecast there was a large turnout and quite a few of the member’s children played their part. With over forty pairs of eyes scouring the ground the identification skills of Roy Anderson, Chris Stretch, Debbie Nelson and Robert Cobain of the NIFG were kept constantly in demand. Essentially, fungi fall into two main types; the Ascomycotina or “spore shooters” and the Basidiomycota, the “spore droppers” and the variety of habitats at Clandeboye, from native woodland through ornamental parkland to grassland yielded an abundance of species representing the many types of fungi. Boletes with tubules instead of gills, the gilled fungi such as the russulae, milkcaps that ooze “milk” on cutting across the gills, stinkhorns, brackets, clubs, corals, earth tongues, colourful grassland waxcaps, cup fungi, puffballs, jellies and the beguiling earthstars. Guidance was given on a rolling basis of the many key factors in identification. It is vital that a record is made of the type of tree, plant or habitat where the fungi are found. Many fungi and flora co-exist in a specific mutuallydependent symbiosis or mycorrhyizal relationship as it is known. Fungi lack chlorophyll and cannot produce their own food so instead they absorb nutrients from their surroundings. There are three main types, symbiotic, saprophytic and parasitic. Although absolute identification may necessitate microscopic examination of the spores and various chemical tests, they can be keyed out with their physical characteristics, stem, gill and cap shape, odour, taste and indeed texture. Below is a fruiting body of Boletus luridiformis, under Beech where the yellow flesh turns bright blue on cutting. Symbiotic fungi require carbon compounds, sugars and starches produced from the photosynthesis of plants. This is all done underground by a mass of individual filaments or hyphae that forms a large matted network or mycelium that connects directly into the plant’s root system and provide the host plant with nutrient salts and other key organic minerals that the plant cannot obtain. They also draw water from the soil and can feed it into a tree’s roots. As the majority of all plant species form a mycorrhyizal relationship with specific fungi this can be a key point in identification. The other two main types, Saprophytic feed on the dead remains of plants, animals and organic matter such as dung. Parasitic fungi feed on living organisms, caterpillars, insects, flowers, trees and even on other fungi. So, while many fungi are crucial for our native flora, some like the honey fungus, Armillaria mellea can destroy a healthy tree. There are over five times as many types of fungi as there are flowering plants in the UK and the foray ended up a great success with over a 125 species recorded (a club record apparently), the list follows with their common name given where possible. The show of earthstars was particularly enchanting, Geastrum striatum or the Striate Earthstar. Pholiota squarrosa Shaggy Scalycap Beech The exciting news is that the foray produced one species new to Northern Ireland and three new to the whole of Ireland plus one species on the N I priority list. We hope to repeat the joint outing in 2011 and I would like to express our deep thanks on behalf of the Belfast Naturalists Field Club to the members of the Northern Ireland Fungus Group (NIFG) and the Clandeboye estate. Matthew Porter Fungus Foray - Clandeboye Estate, Bangor - Saturday, 2nd October 2010 Species List Agaricales Amanita ceceliae Amanita rubescens Boletus chrysenteron Boletus luridiformis Collybia butyracea Collybia confluens Coprinus atramentarius Coprinus lagopus Cortinarius hemitrichus Cortinarius triumphans Crepidotus variabilis Cystoderma amianthinum Entoloma porphyrophaeum Hebeloma crustuliniforme Hygrocybe pratensis v. berkeleyi Hygrocybe chlorophana Hygrocybe conica Hygrocybe psittacina Hygrocybe russocoriacea Hygrocybe virginea Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Inocybe geophylla v. lilacina Kuehneromyces mutabilis Laccaria amethystina Laccaria laccata Lactarius blennius Lactarius quietus Lactarius rufus Lactarius subdulcis Lactarius torminosus Lactarius turpis Leccinum scabrum Lepista nuda Limacella guttata Lyophyllum decastes Mycena archangeliana Mycena galericulata, Mycena leptocephala Mycena pura Mycena sanguinolenta Mycena vitalis Oudemansiella mucida Pholiota squarrosa Pleurotus ostreatus Pluteus cervinus Psathyrella corrugis Psathyrella piluliformis Snakeskin Grisette Blusher Red Cracking Bolete Birch Beech scarce Beech turns bright blue on cutting Butter Cap Clustered Toughshank Common Inkcap Hare'sfoot Inkcap Frosty Webcap Birch Webcap Variable Oysterling Earthy Powdercap Lilac Pinkgill Poisonpie Beech Ash Ash Ash Birch Birch Beech Twigs Golden Waxcap Blackening Waxcap Parrot Waxcap Cedarwood Waxcap Snowy Waxcap False Chanterelle Lilac Fibrecap Sheathed Woodtuft Amethyst Deceiver Deceiver Beech Milkcap Oakbug Milkcap Rufous Milkcap Mild Milkcap Woolly Milkcap Ugly Milkcap Brown Birch Bolete Wood Blewit Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Cypress Beech, Ash Beech Beech Beech Beech Oak Scot's Pine Beech Birch Birch Birch Ash Beech Ash Scot's Pine Beech Grass Beech Holly Beech Clustered Domecap Angel's Bonnet Common Bonnet Nitrous Bonnet Lilac Bonnet Bleeding Bonnet Snapping Bonnet Porcelain Fungus Shaggy Scalycap Oyster Mushroom Deer Shield Red Edge Brittlestem Common Stump Birch Ash Birch Roys List Beech Beech Beech Beech scarce scarce Brittlestem Psilocybe fimetaria Psilocybe semilanceata Rickenella swartzii Russula atropurpurea Russula exalbicans Russula farinipes Russula fellea Russula fragilis Russula grisea Russula nigricans Russula nitida Russula nobilis Russula ochroleuca Russula vinosopurpurea Stropharia caerulea Stropharia caerulea Suillus granulatus suillus luteus Tricholoma arvernense Tricholoma stiparophyllum Tricholoma ustale Tricholomopsis rutilans Tubaria furfuracea Volvariella speciosa Xerocomus chrysenteron Xerocomus subtomentosus Brackets, Clubs, Corals Clavulina cinerea Clavulina cristata Clavulinopsis helvola Clavulinopsis laeticolor Crepidotus mollis Ganoderma applanatum Ganoderma australe Meripilus giganteus Phellinus ferruginosus Piptoporus betulinus Polyporus squamosus Schizopora paradoxa Stereum gausapatum Stereum hirsutum Stereum rugosum Trametes versicolor Trechispora mollusca Trichaptum abietinum Ascomycetes Magic Mushroom / Liberty Cap Collared Mosscap Purple Brittlegill Geranium Brittlegill Fragile Brittlegill Blackening Brittlegill Purple Swamp Brittlegill Beechwood Sickener Ochre Brittlegill Blue Roundhead Blue Roundhead Weeping Bolete Slippery Jack Rabbit Dung Grass Oak Birch Beech Beech Beech Beech Birch Beech Beech Beech Grass scarce Exotic Pine Pine Burnt Knight Plums and Custard Scurfy Twiglet Grey Coral Yellow Club Handsome Club Peeling Oysterling Artist's Bracket Southern Bracket Giant Polypore Rusty Porecrust Birch Polypore / Razorstrop Fungus Dryad's Saddle Split Porecrust Bleeding Oak Crust Hairy Curtain Crust Bleeding Broadleaf Crust Turkeytail Purplepore Bracket [new to Ireland] [new to NI] Beech Twigs Ash Beech Beech Cypress Beech Grass Beech Beech Beech Oak Birch Ash Beech Oak Beech Beech Beech Beech Scots Pine Roys List Aleuria aurantia Ascocoryne sarcoides Ascotremella faginea Bisporella citrina Bisporella sulfurea Byssonectria terrestris Orange Peel Fungus Purple Jellydisc Cudonia confusa Cinnamon Jellybaby Diatrypella favacea Helvella crispa Helvella lacunosa Humaria hemisphaerica Hymenoscyphus fagineus Hypoxylon petriniae Kretschmaria deusta Leotia lubrica Microglossum viride Nectria cinnabarina Otidea alutacea Otidea onotica Peziza micropus Trichoglossum walteri Lemon Disco White Saddle Elfin Saddle Glazed Cup Brittle Cinder Jellybaby Coral Spot Tan Ear Hare's Ear Quaternaria quaternata Xylaria hypoxylon Xylaria longipes Xylaria polymorpha Candlesnuff Fungus Dead Moll's Fingers Dead Man's Fingers Puffballs, Stinkhorns Geastrum striatum Geastrum triplex Striate Earthstar Collared Earthstar Lycoperdon perlatum Lycoperdon pyriforme Phallus impudicus Scleroderma verrucosum Common Puffball Stump Puffball Stinkhorn Scaly Earthball Jellies Exidia thuretiana Hirneola auricula-judae White Brain Jelly Ear or Jew's ear Tremella mesenterica Yellow Brain 125 species Ash Beech Beech Beech Beech Litter, Deer Dung Exotic Holly litter Beech Beech Beech Beech Beech cupules Ash Beech Ash Grass, wood edge Sycamore Ash Beech Beech grass under Chamaecyparis Beech Beech Sycamore Beech Ash Monterey cypress Beech Beech Pine, Ash Soil Ash Beech, Sycamore Oak [new to Ireland] [new to Ireland] earth tongue [NI Priority sp.]
