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Report of Exchange Program for East Asian Young Researchers Supported by JSPS By Ratchaniwan Jaemsaeng Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand August 24, to September 29, 2010 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Japan Advisors: Prof. Mikiko ABE and Prof. Toshiki UCHIUMI The program of this year has been organized as International training program to protect diversity of bioresources in Kagoshima. The travel schedule is as follows, August 24, 2010; Departed from Bangkok August 25, 2010; Arrived at Kagoshima September 1, 2010; Laboratory Seminar September 20-24, 2010; Attended the 1st Asia Conference of Plant-Microbe Symbiosis and Nitrogen Fixation at Miyazaki September 29, 2010; Departed from Kagoshima September 29, 2010; Arrived at Bangkok Activities for this program 1. Plant microbe interactions practise This research is focused on interactions between micro-organisms and plants, from the molecular to the ecological level. There are several rhizobial species which have been isolated from plants. Microbial promotion of plant growth may be the outcome of several additional factors besides the nitrogen fixation. The plant interior may provide an environment conducive to N2 -fixation by being low in O2 and relatively high in carbon, therefore, the bacteria can fix N2 more efficiently. Rhizobia that developed root nodule symbioses, enter the plants through root hairs via infection threads different from the endophytic bacteria. The infection by endophytes is similar to the crack entry. From this program, I had learnt technique to study plant- microbe interaction. I will adapt the technique with my thesis back in Thailand. 2. Laboratory seminar participation In this seminar, all members from Plant and Microbe Research presented their research progresses and I also presented my research that I have been doing in Thailand. The seminar was for exchange knowledge between students from different country. The pictures below show the atmosphere during presentation. 3. Participation at the 1st Asia Conference of Plant-Microbe Symbiosis and Nitrogen Fixation This conference, many works based on plant-microbe symbiosis including basic research and applications. In the meeting, I can enjoy sciences and communication with other scientists. These pictures below show atmosphere during meeting and presentation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Prof. Abe who invited me to joint this program through JSPS Exchange Research program. I thank Prof. Uchiumi and Dr. Kucho for their kind help and suggestion. All members of Plant and Research Laboratory have given me their best support.