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THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS Our Sun and other stars are made up mainly of hydrogen. A colorless, odorless and reactive gas. Involved in the hydrogenation of fats and oils. The lightest of all the elements. A hydrogen fueled car. Rocket Fuel. 90% of all the atoms in the universe are hydrogen atoms. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS Filling party balloons. Coolant for nuclear reactors. Glows purple in an electrical discharge tube. A colorless, odorless and inert (non-reactive) Noble gas. How does the “helium voice” work? It makes your voice funny! Used in cryogenics for freezing. It is less dense than air so it makes things float. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS It is added to strengthen glass. The lightest metal and very soft. Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. Used in pacemaker batteries. Lithium alloys are used to make aircrafts and missiles. It treats manic depression. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A lightweight Metal. Structural material for missiles, high performance aircrafts and satellites. Used in mirrors for telescopes. Helps make emeralds. Used in windows for X-ray tubes. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A hard black solid metalloid. Helps make glass heat resistant Pyrex. Makes borax detergent. Functions in MRI machines. Helps make some magnets. Makes boric acid insecticide. Helps make material for bulletproof jackets. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS It comes in two forms - soft graphite and hard diamonds. Carbon-based life on Earth. Graphite, not “lead” pencils. Hydrocarbon fuels. Graphite in the frame of a high performance bike. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A colorless and odorless gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the air. An important element in fertilizers. Nitrogen gas (N2) used in SCUBA tanks for deep sea dives. An important component of proteins. An important component in DNA. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS H2O. A colorless and odorless gas. Oxygen gas makes up 21% of air. Medical oxygen tanks. Most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Composes 65% of the human body. Makes up the ozone (O3) layer. An important element in combustion. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A yellow poisonous gas. Found in Teflon nonstick coatings. The most reactive of all the elements. Helps make radioactive uranium. Found in fluoride containing toothpastes. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) in aerosol sprays destroy the ozone layer. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS Plasma TV’s are filled with xenon and neon gases. A colorless, odorless and inert (nonreactive) Noble gas. Neon signs. Glows red in an electrical discharge tube. Barcode scanners use a helium neon (HeNe) laser. Dance club lasers. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A soft silverywhite metal. It is very reactive with water, so... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used to make hard soaps. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). The compound NaCl makes up table salt. The break down of sodium azide (NaN3) causes airbags to expand rapidly. …it must be stored under mineral oil to prevent it from reacting to the water vapor in the air. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A silvery metal. It is flammable and reactive with water. It is a key component in fireworks. Since it is lightweight with good electrical and mechanical properties, it is essential in portable electronics. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS An aluminum frame bike is more lightweight than a steel bike. A shiny silvergrey metal. Aluminum cans can be recycled many times. Aluminum pots don’t rust. The third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust (8%). “Tin foil” is actually made from aluminum. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A silvery solid metalloid. A component of Silicone breast implants. The second most abundant element (25%) in the Earth’s crust. A large component of clay. It is semi-conductive so it is used in computer chips. The compound SiO4 makes up quartz. A major component of glass. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS Red phosphorus is used to make safety matches. It comes primarily in a white and red solid form. Organophosphates are deadly nerve agents. An important component of DNA and RNA. An important component of the phospholipids in cell membranes. Important component in fertilizers. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS It is a yellow, non-metal solid. Elemental sulfur is naturally found in volcanoes and hot springs. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in rotten eggs and farts create bad smells. Sulfuric acid. Some strong smelling foods contain sulfur containing compounds. Disulfide bridges in proteins determine the texture of hair. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS Chlorine bleach. A yellowish gas. …in the compound NaCl it can be safely consumed in small quantities daily. Chlorine gas (Cl2) is a respiratory irritant and was used as a weapon to induce choking in WWI yet… Used as an antiseptic to disinfect pools. Used to make PVC (polyvinyl chloride), the third most widely produced plastic. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS It is a colorless, odorless and inert (non-reactive) Nobel gas, but glows blue-green in a discharge tube. After nitrogen gas and oxygen gas, argon is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere. It is used as an atmospheric shield during arc welding. Used in the processing of titanium. It is an asphyxiant used to kill poultry. Considered a more humane method. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS Potash is used as a fertilizer. A silvery metal which is reactive with water. Gun powder contains potassium nitrate (KNO3). Match heads contain potassium chlorate (KClO3). Important for a healthy nervous system. THE FIRST 20 ELEMENTS A greyishsilver metal. Chalk and cement is made from calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Found in dairy products. Coral reefs and marine shells are mostly made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Important for strong bones and teeth.