Download Academic Work in Times of Data Mining

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Between Abundance and Austerity:
Academic Work in Times of Data Mining
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Jeanette Hofmann
WZB/HIIG
Crossing Borders – The Future of Access:
International Conference at the German National
Library Frankfurt, 8th April 2014
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Photo: Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M. CC BY 2.0.
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Tale 1: Building a Text Corpus
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§  epol: joint project “post democracy and neoliberalism” (funded
by German ministry of research)
§  Goal: discourse analysis of neoliberalism in public opinion
§  Analysis of patterns of reasoning by means of text mining
§  Data source: German newspaper articles from 1949 to 2011
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Photo: Boston Public Library. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.
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Tale 1: Building a Text Corpus
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Tale 2: Making Use of a Database
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§  “Politikfeld Internet”
§  Goal: Studying an emerging policy area
§  Tracing public accounts of Internet-related problems, causal
attributions, solutions
§  Text mining with a focus on co-occurrence of terms,
organizations, etc
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Photo: Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M. CC BY 2.0.
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Tale 2: Making Use of a Database
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§  LexisNexis terms and conditions (1)
§  “Download […] for no more than 90 days, primarily for that
Authorized User’s exclusive use, a single copy of
insubstantial portions of those Materials […].”
§  “[…] downloading and storing Materials in an archival
database is prohibited.”
§  “Use of the Online Services via mechanical, programmatic,
robotic, scripted or any other automated means is strictly
prohibited.”
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Tale 2: Making Use of a Database
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§  LexisNexis terms and conditions (2)
§  Web front-end
§  Max 3.000 results for queries
§  Max 500 documents per download
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Copyright Law & Digital Humanities:
Incompatible Worlds?!
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§  Copying protected works
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§  Text extraction, creating a
database
•  Understanding intellectual
•  Linguistic analysis of terms
content
•  Large scale non•  Enjoying expressive quality
consumptive computational
of literature
analysis
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Photo: Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M. CC BY 2.0.
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Consequences for Research
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§ 
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Time consuming negotiation of contracts
Prohibitively expensive use licenses
No long-term data archiving, waste of data copora
No open access to data sources
No reproducibility/validation of research results
Slowing down of methodological innovation
Tensions between research administration and scholars!
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Photo: Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M. CC BY 2.0.
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Abundance meets Austerity
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§  Abundance
§  Bottlenecks
§  Innovative analytical
§  Access to data
tools
§  Rights of use
§  New research questions
§  Rights to share data with
§  Text and data sources
peers
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Photo: Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M. CC BY 2.0.
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Conclusion: Generous Exceptions for
Education and Research Needed
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§  Academia depends on access to text & data, freedom to
share its results.
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§  Narrow exceptions are ineffective: compliance issues
§  Fair use-like provisions for academic non-commercial
research (licenses are not enough!)
§  Recognition of large-scale, automated text/data mining
as non-consumptive use
§  Digital humanities cannot flourish if understood as utilization
of protected works
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Photo: Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M. CC BY 2.0.
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Dr. Jeanette Hofmann
Thank you!
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[email protected]
Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für
Sozialforschung Reichpietschufer 50
D-10785 Berlin, Germany