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Descriptive Statistics Number pictures of data Number distributions Measures of central tendency Measures of variation Z scores Percent and percentile Number Pictures Frequency graph Bar graph or histogram Frequency polygon Frequency curve Frequency Graph 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bar Graph/Histogram 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Frequency Polygon 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Frequency Curve 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Number Distributions Normal curve Negative skewed curve Positive skewed curve Normal Distribution -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Z Normal Distribution 34.13% 34.13% 13.59% 2.27% -3 -2 13.59% 2.27% -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Z Stanford-Binet 34.13% 13.59% 2.27% 52 34.13% 13.59% 2.27% 68 84 100 116 132 IQ TEST DISTRIBUTION 148 Negatively Skewed Distribution Mode Mean Median Positively Skewed Distribution Mode Median Mean Central Tendency Mode Median Mean x n x Variation Range Variance Standard R X X H L S 2 x x 2 n 1 deviation S x x n 1 2 Z Scores Single score description Relation of raw score to mean accounting for variation Z = sum of (x x)/ s Standard score Deviation score in standard deviation units Percent Proportion of a whole Quantity - # units in proportion to 100 %= (F)n / (t)n * 100 Percentile A number’s position in a group of numbers Percentage of numbers below the number Median = 50th percentile