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Front End Electronics (FEE) solutions for large arrays of segmented detectors • • FEE for large array with segmented HP-Ge detectors - Specific case: combined AGATA - Miniball FEE • FEE for other segmented detectors (DSSSD, SC) • Ultra-Fast CSP (and the use of microwave MMIC) ANSiP-2011 - Advanced School & Workshop on Nuclear Physics Signal Processing Acireale (CT), Italy - November 21-24, 2011 G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne a) First arrays with segmented HPGe Detectors (FEE for Miniball; Sega-NSCL; Tigress; Rising etc. but also in GERDA; Gretina - det. characterization phase) b) AGATA - FEE - Dual Gain CSP - for the central contact - ToT method ( - combined dynamic range ~100 dB, - Cosmic ray measurement ) - Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser - for detector characterization, e.g. impurities concentration meas. - Transfer function - dummy detectors c) Combined AGATA – Miniball FEE G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 2 tr ~ 30-40 ns Ch.1 @ 800 mV - no over & under_shoot IF1320 (IF1331) (5V; 10mA)& 1pF; 1 GΩ warm • • Warm & cold jFET DGF-4C(Rev.C) 3 1. Charge Sensitive Preamplifier ( Low Noise, Fast, Single & Dual Gain ~ 100 dB extended range with ToT ) 2. Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser (as a tool for self-calibrating) 3. Updated frequency compensations to reduce the crosstalk between participants (-from adverse cryostat wiring and up to - electronic crosstalk in the trans. line) C. Chaplin, Modern Times (1936) crosstalk between participants transfer function issue 8 Clusters (Hole 11.5cm, beam line 11cm) G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 4 AGATA τopt~ 3-6 µs J.-F. Loude, IPHE 2000-22 • the equivalent noise charges Qn assumes a minimum when the current and voltage contributions are equal • current noise ~ • voltage noise ~ ~ • 1 / f noise ~ (RC) 1/(RC) Cd 2 Cd 2 Best performance: Majorana dedicated FEE (PTFE~0.4mm; Cu~0.2mm;C~0.6pF; R ~2GΩ Amorphous Ge (Mini Systems) ~ 55 eV (FWHM) @ ~ 50 µs (FWHM) BAT17 diode (GERDA) BF862 (2V; 10mA) 1pF; 1 GΩ Test Pulser ? -yes-not & how ? G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 6 AGATA Core Preamplifier - Charge Sensitive Part AGATA LVDS-Dual Core Preamplifier (Final design) with up-graded frequency compensations: • Large Open loop-gain (~ 100,000) • Fast Rise Time tr ~ 15 ns @ 45 pF • Large dynamic range ~ 180 MeV @ Cf~1pF • large dynamic range in the first CSP • large open loop gain • frequency compensations for optimum transfer function • Multiple frequency compensations: - minimum Miller effect - lead compensation - lead-lag compensation - dominant pole compensation G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 7 Fast Reset as tool to implement the “TOT” method Core Active Reset – OFF one of the segments Core -recovery from saturation Active Reset – ON Fast Reset circuitry ToT Normal analog spectroscopy one of the segments - very fast recovery from TOT mode of operation fast comparator LT1719 (+/- 6V) factory adj. threshold + zero crossing LV-CMOS (opt) LVDS by default 9 G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne Fast Reset as tool to implement the “TOT” method Core Active Reset – OFF one of the segments Core -recovery from saturation Active Reset – ON Fast Reset circuitry ToT Normal analog spectroscopy one of the segments INH-C - very fast recovery from TOT mode of operation fast comparator LT1719 (+/- 6V) factory adj. threshold + zero crossing LV-CMOS (opt) LVDS by default 10 G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne see Francesca Zocca PhD Thesis, INFN, Milan A. Pullia at al, Extending the dynamic range of nuclear pulse spectrometers, Rev. Sci. Instr. 79, 036105 (2008) 11 Dual Gain Core Structure Ch1 (fast reset)-Pulser @ ~19 MeV Ch2 (linear mode) Ch 1 ~200 mV / MeV Pole /Zero Adj. Fast Reset (Ch1) Segments (linear mode) 36_fold segmented HP-Ge detector + cold jFET Common Charge Sensitive Loop + Pulser + Wiring Ch1 ( tr ~ 25.5 ns) Differential Buffer (Ch1) C-Ch1 /C-Ch1 INH1 SDHN1 Ch 2 ~ 50mV / MeV Pole /Zero Adj. Fast Reset (Ch2) Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser Differential Buffer (Ch2) C-Ch2 /C-Ch2 INH2 SDHN2 one MDR 10m cable Pulser CNTRL Ch2 ( tr ~ 27.0 ns) 2keV -180 MeV in two modes & four sub-ranges of operations: a) Amplitude and b) TOT12 Due to FADC range ! 10 MeV LNL-2010 13 AGATA Dual_Core LVDS transmission of digital INH and Pulser_In signals AGATA Dual Core crosstalk test measurements Ch2 (analog signal) vs. LVDS-INH-C1 (bellow & above threshold) Core amplitude just below the INH threshold Core amplitude just above the INH threshold Ch1 @ INH_Threshold - (~ 4mV) Ch1 @ INH_Threshold + (~ 4mV) Ch2 @ INH_Threshold + (~ 1mV) Ch2 @ INH_Threshold + (- 1mV) LV_CMOS LV_CMOS INH_Ch1/-/ tr ~ 1.65 ns INH_Ch1/+/ tf ~ 2.45 ns INH_Ch1/+/ INH_Ch1/-/ (1) Core_Ch1, (2) Core_Ch2, (3) INH_Ch1(LVDS/-/, (4) INH_Ch1(LVDS/+/) 14 To extend the comparison between “reset” mode (ToT) vs. “pulse-height” mode (ADC) well above 100 MeV measuring directly cosmic rays Interaction of muons with matter • low energy correction: excitation and ionization • ‘density effect’ • High energy corrections: bremsstrahlung, pair production and photo-nuclear interaction MUON STOPPING POWER AND RANGE TABLES - 10 MeV|100 TeV D. E. GROOM, N. V. MOKHOV, and S. STRIGANOV David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011 Two set-up have been used: a) LeCroy Oscilloscope with only Core signals: Ch1; Ch2, INH-Ch1; INH-Ch2 from Core Diff-to-Single Converter Box b) 10x DGF-4C-(Rev.E) standard DAQ - complete 36x segments and 4x core signals from Diff-to-Single Converter Boxes (segments & core) David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011 Experimental results for cosmic ray measurement Determination of the High Gain Core Inhibit width directly from the trace while the low gain core operates still in linear mode up to ~22 MeV ( deviation ~0.5%) Calibrated energy sum of all segments vs. both low & highgain core signals (linear & ToT ) Calibrated energy sum of all segments vs. both low & highgain core signals (both in ToT mode of operation) David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011 Combined spectroscopy up to ~170 MeV Direct measurement of cosmic rays with a HP-Ge AGATA detector, encapsulated and 36 fold segmented • Averaged calibrated segments sum +++ • Averaged calibrated Low gain Core xxx • Scaled pulser calibration (int. & ext.) ---- R.Breier et al., Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 68, 1231-1235, 2010 David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011 AGATA Dual Gain Core Final Specs. • Summary active reset: - active reset @ 2nd stage - active reset @ 1st stage with advantages vs. disadv. G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 19 Incorporated Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser • why is needed? self-calibration purposes • brief description • Specs and measurements G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 20 The use of PSP for self-calibrating Parameter Potential Use / Applications Energy, Calibration, Stability Transfer Function in time (rise time, fall time, structure) domain, ringing (PSA) • Pulse C/S amplitude ratio Crosstalk input data • Pulse amplitude • Pulse Form (Detector characterization) (Detector Bulk Capacities) • Pulse Form TOT Method (PSA) • Repetition Rate (c.p.s.) Dead Time (Efficiency) (with periodical or statistical distribution) • Time alignment Correlated time spectra • Segments calibration Low energy calibration • Detector characterization Impurity concentration, passivation G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 21 • +/- 1ppm • 16 bit +/- 1bit • fast R-R driver CSP return GND • Analog Switches: - t on / t off , +V13 +V13 +V13 6 +V13 D GND_D R30 -V13 GND_D +V13 GND_D -V13 - Qi , - dynamic range (+/- 5V) R31 8 6 D D D D 3 1 R94 7 D 2 n for 1 = In D N R107 Out - ~ R to R - bandwidth • Coarse attenuation (4x 10 dB) (zo~150 Ohm) • transmission line to S_ jFET and its return GND! Chopper GND_D Trigger R81 GND_D C59 GND_D Mode 3 C53 3 GND_D 3 -V13 G -V13 2 GND GND_D Shown R80 6 1 = In D N G I 2 4 for Shown V13 R79 4 V15 U13 n I V12 4 S 2 1 4 U11 V V 8 1 R90 D S Vref 4 C94 3 7 2 6 D D V 8 C86 R75 C120 C101 • Op Amp: G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 22 Selection Mode of operation Exponential Rectangular Good DC Level Same P/Z good PSA Disadvantage: Advantage / Disadvantage - Different P/Z for Signal & Pulser PSA! - Bipolar Signals ( + & - ) Base line OK good P/Z, but DC level ~ pulser level (50%) Pulser Specs and Measurements • Dynamic range: - Core 0 to ~ 180 MeV - Segments 0 to ~3 MeV (opt. ~ 90 MeV) (opt. ~ 1 MeV) • Rise Time Range: 20 ns - 60 ns (by default ~45 ns) • Fall Time Range: 100 µs - 1000 µs (by default ~150 ns) • Long Term Stability: < 10-4 / 24 h G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 23 Measurements: • GSI Single Cryostat (Detector S001) • Portable 16k channels MCA (IKP) • Resolution (acquisition time 12-14h): - core 1.08 Pulser (Detector) - cold dummy (V3): 0.850 keV - segment Pulser: < 0.90 keV - core @ 59.5 keV: 1.10 keV - core @ 122.06 keV: 1.15 keV Why not an ASIC ? 24 G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 25 Impurities concentration of last four rings of AGATA detector S002 B. Birkenbach at al, Determination of space charge distributions in highly segmented large volume HP-Ge detectors from capacitance-voltage measurements Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 640 (2011) 176-184 Transfer Function & X-talk • Stand alone transfer function (bench tests) • Wiring influence - detector wiring & cryostat wiring - Dummy Detectors (2DV2; 3DV3) • Solution for frequency compensation to find - stability criteria for - oscillations, - peaking & ringing - methods of compensation depending on: - op amp type (or equivalent op amp when distributed) - feedback, source and load networks • Updated version of compensation and measurements G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 27 AGATA HP-Ge Detector Front-End Electronics Cold part Warm part Cold part Warm part G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 28 AGATA HP-Ge Detector Front-End Electronics Cold part Warm part AGATA – 3D Dummy detector Cold part Warm part G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 29 G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 30 • the conversion range has been successfully extended by more than one order of magnitude with the new spectroscopic ToT technique: - two modes of operation and four sub-ranges, namely: 0 5 (20) MeV and 5(20)180 MeV • the use of the LV-DS signals (INH-C1, INH-C2 and Pulser Trigger) in the AGATA Dual Gain Core reduced considerable the crosstalk in the transmission line 20 x • 20 x sets for AGATA Reconfigurable Core manufactured, tested, ready to be used (* each set consists of warm preamplifier, MDR-flat cable subassembly and FADC converter boards) 31 Inh-C1&C2 Pulser Trigger Combining AGATA Miniball (HeKo) FEE Combined AGATA Miniball FEE • all AGATA feature implemented without Spectroscopic Pulser • Fast Reset (INH-C & SDHN logic) almost no nonlinearity (only +/-12V) • Miniball HeKo (PSC823) size and pin out specification but with • differential outputs and ToT method Miniball (HeKo) PSC 823 (Eurysis /Ortec propr. prod.) PSC-2008 (differential out.) AGATA like Miniball 2011 Either BF862 or IF1320 INH SHDN Technical Specifications - conversion factor ~ 200 mV/MeV (PSC-2008 opt. 100 mV/MeV) - open loop gain ~ 20,000 - ~ 100,000 - single ended - reconfigurable as Inv. / Non Inv.); - the 2008 & 2011 with differential outputs - adjustments: - Idrain ; - P/Z adj. ; - Offset adj. ; Bandwidth - No Offset adj - power supply: +/- 12V - with INH-C & SDHN - rise time ~ 25 ns / 39 pF det. cap. (terminated) (i.e. Time over Threshold) (B) Front End Electronics for LYCCA's & TASCA’s DSSSD & Solar Cell Matrix LYCCA a core device for RISING HISPEC/DESPEC Objective is to uniquely identify event-by-event exotic nuclei by: • mass A • charge Z Flexible array of detector modules to measure: • E, ∆E , Position, ToF G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 34 A. Wendt et al – Der LYCCA-Demonstrator, HK 36.60, DPG, Bonn, 2010 G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne LYCCA-0 Set-up for DSSSD + CsI TASISpec (TASCA) A new detector Set-up for Superheavy Element Spectroscopy 36 37 ~1.25 sq.cm 38 Sub - nanosecond CSP version • • AD 8351 tr ~ 200 ps @ gain 10dB (Vc ~ 3-5 V; 28 mA) alternative AD 8352 Ultrafast Voltage comparator family: ADCMP580 / ADCMP581 / ADCMP582 Silicon Germanium (SiGe) bipolar process • GaAs – HEMT *) (Q1, Q2) • ultra-fast, narrow time output - fast rise time tr ~ 200ps !) • energy output tf ~10 µs (no P/Z cancellation) • high counting rates timing > ~1 Mcps • dominant pole compensation included • low power +/- 6V E; +/- 3V T) • 8 GHz equivalent input rise time bandwidth • < 40 ps typical output rise/fall • 10 ps deterministic jitter (DJ) • 200 fs random jitter (RJ) • −2 V to +3 V input range with +5 V/−5 V supplies • on-chip terminations at both inputs • Resistor-programmable hysteresis • Differential latch control • Power supply rejection > 70 dB *) not implemented for LYCCA G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 39 jFET, FET, HEMT selection a) tr ~ 500 ps jFET, FET BF861 (1,B,C); BF862; BF 889 b) GaAs-FETs (E-pHEMT) ATF-35143; ATF-55143; ATF-38143 c) Idrain, Vdrain to optimize the noise & bandwidth characteristics (10-15 mA, 2-2.7 V, 20-30mW) Pulse generator: - Tektronix PG502 modified tr ~ 500 ps (less than 700ps rise/fall time) - refurbish PG503 Scope: LeCroy 44Xs (400 Mhz, 2.5 GHz sampling) G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne (B) Front End Electronics for TOF and BPM TOF & BPM for HISPEC/DISPEC and for AMS (CologneAMS) Flexible set of beam detector modules to measure: • Position, ToF , (E, ∆E) G. Pascovici, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne 41 The use of Mini Circuits microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) • de facto, Darlington amplifiers offers the RF designer multi-stage performance in packages that look like a discrete transistor • wide bandwidth, impedance match, and a choice of gain and output power levels result from their being monolithic circuits, most of which contain InGaP HBT (indium-gallium-phosphide heterojunction bipolar transistors) 42 The use of Mini Circuits microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) Mini-Circuits • • • • • PSA-5454+ ; (PSA-5451) (an E-PHEMT based Ultra Low Noise MMIC Amplifier) E-PHEMT based Ultra-Low Noise MMIC Amplifier bandwidth 50 MHz to 4 GHz ultra low noise (0.8 dB) and high IP3: 25 dB; (or ~29 dB) I/O internally matched to 50 ohms single 5V @ 20mA; (or 3V @30mA) • Mini-Circuits PHA-1(X)+ Ultra High Dynamic Range MMIC Amplifier • bandwidth 50 MHz to 6(8) GHz • output power ~ 23 dBm • provides Input and Output Return Loss of14-21 dB up to 4 GHz without the need for any external matching components 43 Conclusions • FEE for large array with segmented HP-Ge detectors - standard pulse height analysis, ToT & Progr. Spectr. Pulser - (Loved specific case: combined AGATA - Miniball FEE ) DSSSD – specific case LYCCY and TASISpec (TASCA) @GSI • FEE for • Sub-nanosecond preamplifiers - CSP (E+T) and MMIC (GHz) 44