Download WH – Final Study Guide - Marion County Public Schools

WH – Final Study Guide
____
1. In the early Roman republic, members of the landholding upper class were called
a. tribunes.
c. consuls.
b. plebeians.
d. patricians.
____
2. Large numbers of Germanic peoples crossed into the lands of the Roman empire in the late 300s to escape
a. religious persecution.
c. black death.
b. invading Huns.
d. mass starvation.
____
3. The Romans used their engineering skills to build
a. the first Gothic cathedrals.
b. printing presses to publish Roman law.
c. aqueducts that carried water into cities.
d. advanced compasses to aid navigation.
____
4. A system of law that developed under the Roman republic and applied to citizens was called
a. civil law.
c. common law.
b. constitutional law.
d. the law of nations.
____
5. Who made the greatest contribution toward setting Christianity on the road to becoming a world religion?
a. Augustine
c. Peter
b. Clement
d. Paul
____
6. What important change did the Roman emperor Constantine make in A.D. 313?
a. He divided the empire into two parts, eastern and western.
b. He brought back the republic to help end political violence.
c. He granted religious toleration to Christians.
d. He moved the capital of the empire to Vienna.
____
7. Scholars believe the first people who arrived in the Americas came from
a. China to Central America.
b. Siberia across a land bridge to Alaska.
c. Europe to the coast of Eastern Canada.
d. Africa across a land bridge to South America.
____
8. The nomadic people who migrated into the Valley of Mexico about A.D. 1200 are known as the
a. Maya
c. Olmecs
b. Aztecs
d. Papago
____
9. Despite their low status in Aztec society, slaves could
a. cast votes on government issues.
c. own land and buy their freedom.
b. be elected to the ruling council.
d. fight in battle and win their freedom.
____ 10. All the roads in the great Inca road network led through the capital
a. Cuzco.
c. Calakmul.
b. Tiahuanaco.
d. Izapa.
____ 11. The Inuit people were most likely to travel
a. in wagons pulled by mules.
c. on horseback over the tundra.
b. on foot along dirt roads.
d. by kayak in open waters.
____ 12. After the collapse of the western Roman Empire, Europe experienced
a. a new political class.
c. a period of civil wars.
b. a blend of Greek, Roman, and Germanic d. a vast increase in literacy and
traditions and cultures.
technological development.
____ 13. Which Frankish king briefly unified Western Europe?
a. Clovis
c. Charlemagne
b. Pope Innocent III
d. Charles DeGaul
____ 14. Part of a vassal’s obligation under his feudal contract was to
a. be true to his word.
c. serve all his lords equally.
b. serve in the military.
d. conquer neighboring kingdoms.
____ 15. Marriage in noble society often included fierce negotiations over
a. the land in the woman’s dowry.
b. a woman’s right of inheritance.
c. the type of wedding celebration.
d. the woman’s duties as lady of the manor.
____ 16. When the ownership of a manor was granted to a new lord, the serfs
a. were sold to the new lord.
b. were freed from service to the manor.
c. moved with their old lord to his new property.
d. remained on the land to serve the new lord.
____ 17. Under Benedictine Rule, monks and nuns took vows of
a. obedience, honesty, and purity.
c. obedience, poverty, and chastity.
b. obedience, chastity, and purity, fraternity d. obedience, poverty, and honesty.
____ 18. What crop restored fertility to the soil in the three-field system of rotating crops?
a. legumes
c. wheat
b. corn
d. potatoes
____ 19. In the manor system, the peasants had to
a. work to earn their freedom.
b. stay on the land for life.
c. use the manor’s mill.
d. sell their produce to their lord.
____ 20. The claim of papal supremacy held that
a. the pope was the head of the Western Christian Church.
b. the pope was the chief authority over the Papal States.
c. the pope had authority over all religions on Earth.
d. the pope had authority over all kings and emperors.
____ 21. The new middle class in medieval society included
a. vassals.
c. merchants.
b. peasants.
d. nobles.
____ 22. During the High Middle Ages, one method monarchs used to gain more power was to
a. allow nobles to raise their own armies.
b. broaden the power of Church courts.
c. strengthen ties with the middle class.
d. wage warfare by appealing to national pride.
____ 23. At the Council of Clermont in 1095, why did Pope Urban II rally Christians to help Byzantine emperor
Alexius I?
a. to secretly conquer the rich city of Constantinople
b. to drive the Muslim Turks from the Holy Land
c. to defend Venetian trade routes against Muslim attacks
d. to protect the territory of the Byzantine empire
____ 24. After the Reconquista was complete in 1492, Queen Isabella
a. established a policy of religious tolerance throughout Spain.
b. launched a crusade against Jews and Muslims.
c. massacred Muslims in newly conquered Granada.
d. moved Jews and Muslims to a colony in Portugal.
____ 25. What work did Italian poet Dante Alighieri write that takes the reader on an imaginary journey into hell and
purgatory?
a. Canterbury Tales
c. Poem of the Cid
b. Song of Roland
d. Divine Comedy
____ 26. Why did many rural peasants move to cities during the plague years of the late 1300s?
a. Due to high labor costs, landowners devoted less land to raising crops.
b. Needing new members, guilds encouraged villagers to relocate.
c. Villagers sought out new medical treatments available in the city.
d. Villagers feared the plague came from witches in the countryside.
____ 27. When translations of the works of Greek thinkers reached Christian scholars in the 1100s,
a. the Church rejected them as heresy.
b. they began to undermine the scholastic method.
c. scholastics rejected faith in favor of reason.
d. they began a revolution in the world of learning.
____ 28. A bitter debate took place between Henry II of England and the Church because Henry
a. would not persecute John Wycliffe for his heresies.
b. divorced and remarried without consulting the Church.
c. claimed the right to try clergy in royal courts.
d. feuded over the practice of lay investiture.
____ 29. What issue was the cause of a bitter battle between eastern and western Christianity?
a. A Byzantine emperor banned religious icons.
b. A Byzantine emperor allowed priests to marry.
c. The Roman Church rejected Justinian’s Code.
d. The Roman Church used Latin as its official language.
____ 30. Which region of medieval Russia served as a great highway for nomadic migration?
a. the northern forests
c. the Ural Mountains
b. the Balkan Peninsula
d. the southern steppe
____ 31. Under the rule of Justinian, the Byzantine empire
a. built the strongest military force in the world.
b. began to decline due to Muslim invasions.
c. replaced the system of Roman law with Muslim law.
d. passed strict laws limiting the power of the emperor.
____ 32. Russia’s first civilization began in
a. the pasture region of the southern steppe.
b. the forested region of the Ural Mountains.
c. the fishing region of the Baltic Sea.
d. the farming region of Ukraine.
____ 33. In 1380, the Russian princes of Moscow took control from the Mongols by
a. encouraging the Mongols to fight among themselves.
b. converting the Mongols to Roman Catholicism.
c. defeating the Golden Horde at the battle of Kulikovo.
d. defeating the Golden Horde at the battle of Novgorod.
____ 34. Which aspect of Byzantine culture was a departure from that of the Roman Empire?
a. Strong military expansion of the empire
b. Economy based on trade and industry
c. Emperor’s authority over the Church
d. Justinian’s “Body of Civil Law”
____ 35. Which of the following is a key belief, or duty, of Islam?
a. A priest should mediate between the people and God.
b. Sins should be washed away through baptism.
c. The Quran may be read by Muslims in any language.
d. Each Muslim should make a pilgrimage to Mecca.
____ 36. One reason for conflict between the Ottoman and Safavid empires was that
a. the Safavids tried to convert Ottomans to Hinduism.
b. the Ottomans aided the Qajars against the Safavids.
c. the Safavids wanted to take over the Ottoman silk trade.
d. the Ottomans despised the Safavids as heretics.
____ 37. According to Muslim belief, Muhammad became the prophet of Islam after he
a. saw a mysterious burning bush in the desert.
b. heard the voice of the angel Gabriel calling him.
c. had a vision about bringing peace to Arab clans.
d. was blinded by a heavenly light as he traveled to Mecca.
____ 38. What helped the Umayyad caliphs to expand their empire?
a. The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak.
b. They used gunpowder to conquer their rivals.
c. The Shiites and Sunnis put aside their differences.
d. They formed an alliance with the Franks.
____ 39. Many lower-caste Hindus in India converted to Islam because
a. Islam taught that all believers were equal.
b. Muslim sultans killed those who refused to convert.
c. they wanted jobs in the Muslim government.
d. they wanted to escape the tax on Hindus.
____ 40. In Ottoman society, the men of the sword were almost exclusively
a. Greek Christians.
c. Armenian Christians.
b. Jews.
d. Muslims.
____ 41. The rise of the kingdom of Ghana was aided greatly by its abundant supply of
a. dolomite.
c. slaves.
b. iron.
d. gold.
____ 42. How did John Wycliffe help set the stage for the Protestant Reformation?
a. He led an armed revolt in the Czech
c. He used sermons and writings to create an
Republic.
early movement against the Catholic
church.
b. He led a reform movement in the Czech
d. He worked alongside Martin Luther King
Republic.
to condemn the Pope.
____ 43. Which practice was condemned by the leaders of the Protestant Reformation?
a. Indulgences
c. Insulation
b. Legacies
d. Roman law
____ 44. Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because
a. people are sinners from the moment they are born.
b. children must confess their sins before being baptized.
c. infants are too young to accept the Christian faith.
d. God has already determined who will gain salvation.
____ 45. Sir Thomas More was executed because he
a. would not stand with Henry VIII against the Protestant revolt.
b. would not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church in England.
c. protested the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
d. set up a utopian community based on Calvinist beliefs.
____ 46. The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called the
a. Reformation.
c. Renaissance.
b. Middle Ages.
d. Medieval Enlightenment.
____ 47. What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in which people live in peace
and harmony?
a. Sir Thomas More
c. William Shakespeare
b. Desiderius Erasmus
d. François Rabelais
____ 48. The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that
a. Earth spins alone at the center of the universe.
b. the planets move around the sun in oval orbits.
c. the four moons of Venus move slowly around that planet.
d. the heavens are in a fixed position in relation to Earth.
____ 49. Today’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious ancestry to the
a. Jesuits.
c. Calvinists.
b. Church of England.
d. Anabaptists.
____ 50. What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation?
a. It stopped using the Inquisition to fight Protestantism.
b. It revised and updated many traditional Catholic beliefs.
c. It restored a version of the Book of Common Prayer.
d. It provided penalties for corruption among the clergy.
____ 51. What role did the ruling families of Italian city-states play in the Renaissance?
a. The ruling families forced peasants to build statues and buildings in the city-states.
b. Members of the ruling families pursued their own interests in the arts, literature,
and science.
c. The ruling families gave financial support to artists, poets, scientists and scholars.
d. The ruling families built strong armies to keep outsiders from trading goods and
exchanging ideas with their city-states.
____ 52. What was a major threat to the empire of Charles V?
a. Ottomans advancing across Europe
b. a Protestant rebellion in Spain
c. the War of the Spanish Succession
d. an English invasion of Europe
____ 53. When the Huguenots left France in the 1680s, their departure
a. weakened the army of Louis XIV.
b. seriously hurt the French economy.
c. destroyed the power base of Henry IV.
d. damaged the French bureaucracy.
____ 54. Under the rule of Catherine the Great,
a. taxes increased for wealthy landowners.
b. conditions improved for Russian peasants.
c. Russia ended its cultural link with the West.
d. Russia seized lands in eastern Poland.
____ 55. How did Louis XIV govern France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister?
a. He took complete control of the government.
b. He ruled in partnership with the Estates General.
c. He tried to share power with all French social classes.
d. He established a republic known as the Commonwealth.
____ 56. How did Peter the Great gain territory for Russia along the Baltic Sea?
a. He seized territory from the Ottomans.
b. He signed a treaty with Qing China.
c. He won a long war with Sweden.
d. He won a long war with Denmark.
____ 57. Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they
a. wrote fiction.
c. supported traditional ideas.
b. challenged the old order.
d. wrote in salons.
____ 58. American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise
a. the Magna Carta.
c. the Articles of Confederation.
b. the Bill of Rights.
d. the Declaration of Independence.
____ 59. Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the
a. Reformation.
c. Scientific Revolution.
b. Glorious Revolution.
d. Renaissance.
____ 60. The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the
ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?
a. Montesquieu
c. Rousseau
b. Voltaire
d. Diderot
____ 61. In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish
America?
a. tea
c. cotton
b. molasses
d. slaves
____ 62. Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the
American colonies?
a. Stamp Act
c. Declaratory Act
b. Navigation Act
d. Sugar Act
____ 63. Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution?
a. large money resources for military supplies
b. a large number of trained soldiers
c. allies among Native Americans and enslaved people
d. diverse geography
____ 64. One important result of the Estates-General was
a. tax reform.
c. an agreement to close the Bastille.
b. the National Assembly.
d. the abolishing of serfdom.
____ 65. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled on the
a. United States Constitution.
b. British Magna Carta.
c. United States Bill of Rights.
d. American Declaration of Independence.
____ 66. In France’s old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie?
a. nobles
c. peasants
b. clergy
d. merchants
____ 67. The poorest members of the Third Estate were
a. urban workers.
c. nuns and priests.
b. bourgeois families
d. philosophes.
____ 68. The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to
a. reduce the price of bread.
c. open government jobs to the poor.
b. return to Paris.
d. give up the throne.
____ 69. What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791?
a. an absolute monarchy
b. a republic
c. a theocracy
d. a limited monarchy
____ 70. During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of
a. Louis XVI.
c. the Committee of Public Safety.
b. the National Assembly.
d. Napoleon.
____ 71. During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?
a. People migrated from villages to work on large farms.
b. People began selling their goods instead of trading them.
c. People learned to use machines to make their own clothes.
d. People migrated from rural areas to cities.
____ 72. The Luddites were a
a. new religious movement.
b. political party.
c. labor organization.
d. secret socialist group.
____ 73. The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by
a. creating a large factory workforce.
c. providing cheap labor.
b. bringing in investment capital.
d. increasing the demand for goods.
____ 74. In what way were railroads an improvement over canals?
a. Railroads could connect two rivers.
b. Railroads could connect an inland town to a coastal port.
c. Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river.
d. Railroads were the only form of overland transportation.
____ 75. Which group established communities where all work is shared and all property is owned in common?
a. Communists
c. Utopians
b. capitalists
d. Utilitarians
____ 76. A production method in which workers repeatedly perform one task in the manufacturing process is called
a. interchangeable parts.
c. cottage industry.
b. the Bessemer process.
d. the assembly line.
____ 77. The population of Europe exploded between 1800 and 1900 in large part because
a. couples had more children.
b. medical advances reduced the death rate.
c. cities eliminated slums.
d. couples started families at a younger age.
____ 78. What theory applied the idea of natural selection to the development of business and society?
a. socialism
c. Social Darwinism
b. social gospel
d. capitalism
____ 79. The technology for America’s first textile factory came from
a. Japan.
c. Germany.
b. Britain.
d. France.
____ 80. What contribution to medical science did German doctor Robert Koch make in the 1880s?
a. He identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
b. He traced malaria to the mosquito.
c. He developed a process called pasteurization.
d. He developed a cure for yellow fever.
____ 81. Reformers in what movement argued that the use of alcoholic beverages harmed family life and reduced
worker productivity?
a. temperance
c. suffrage
b. abolition
d. social gospel
____ 82. In the Treaty of Nanjing, Britain gained control of
a. Hong Kong.
c. the Suez Canal.
b. Taiwan.
d. India.
____ 83. Which of the following was an effect of nationalism in Europe in the early 1900s?
a. Britain made an alliance with France.
b. Austria feared increasing rebellion among its subjects.
c. Germany sought additional colonial territories.
d. Revolutionaries overthrew the Russian government.
____ 84. Which of the following events caused Britain to fight in World War I?
a. Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum.
b. Russia joined France to fight Austria.
c. Germany invaded Belgium.
d. Germany invaded Russia.
____ 85. Which of the following contributed to the United States’ decision to enter the war?
a. friendly relations with Russia
b. fear of a poison gas attack
c. extensive experience with trench warfare
d. cultural ties to Britain
____ 86. In general, the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles focused mainly on
a. increasing German power.
c. decreasing American influence.
b. punishing Germany.
d. strengthening the Ottoman empire.
____ 87. Which countries were members of the Triple Alliance?
a. Germany, Italy, Russia
c. Austria-Hungary, Germany, Japan
b. France, Russia, Britain
d. Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
____ 88. Which of the following is the best explanation for Russia’s entrance into World War I?
a. Russia wanted to punish Serbia for encouraging terrorism.
b. Russia stood by its one dependable ally, Austria-Hungary.
c. Russia wanted to defend the Slavic peoples in Serbia.
d. Russia wanted to avoid facing Germany alone at a later date.
____ 89. To defend their merchant ships against attacks from German submarines, the Allies
a. suspended the transport of supplies by ship.
b. began shipping supplies using zeppelins.
c. organized the merchant ships into convoys.
d. resorted to trench warfare.
____ 90. What was a key characteristic of fascism in the 1920s and 1930s?
a. glorification of human reason
c. open political debate
b. supremacy of the state
d. pursuit of a classless society
____ 91. France occupied Germany’s coal-rich Ruhr Valley in 1923
a.
b.
c.
d.
to protest the policies of Adolf Hitler.
because the French wanted to acquire more land.
to force striking German miners back to work.
because Germany had fallen behind in reparations.
____ 92. Which statement is correct about the economy of the United States in the 1920s?
a. The U.S. economy was hurt by an unstable political scene.
b. The U.S. enjoyed the benefits of a command economy.
c. The U.S. economy was hurt by crushing reparations payments.
d. The U.S. became the world’s leading economic power.
____ 93. What was the appeal of Mussolini’s fascist government to Italians?
a. The fascists supported democratic ideals.
b. The fascists supported a classless society.
c. The fascists ended political feuding in government.
d. The fascists worked for socialist change.
____ 94. Hitler decided to invade the Soviet Union because
a. he wanted to protect the Germans living in Russia.
b. he wanted the Soviet Union’s vast natural resources.
c. the Soviets had betrayed him by seizing the Baltic states.
d. the Soviets had helped the British at Dunkirk.
____ 95. Which of these was official Nazi policy towards the Jews of Germany and the occupied territories?
a. Relocation to Africa
c. Relocation to ghettos
b. Relocation to Australia
d. Relocation to the United States
____ 96. In which French city did German forces set up a “puppet state” capital after conquering France?
a. Lyon
c. Paris
b. Vichy
d. Nice
____ 97. What did the British and French do at the Munich Conference in 1938 to avoid war?
a. They persuaded Austria to give in to German occupation.
b. They persuaded Belgium to allow the occupation of Luxembourg.
c. They persuaded the Soviet Union to allow Germany to occupy Poland.
d. They persuaded the Czechs to surrender the Sudetenland.
____ 98. What was usually the first stage of Hitler’s blitzkrieg strategy?
a. Fast-moving ground troops quickly overwhelmed the enemy.
b. The Luftwaffe attacked ground targets from the air.
c. Cities were shelled by modern battleships.
d. Fast-moving tanks quickly rolled across enemy territory.
____ 99. In 1942, what priority did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin set in the war?
a. to achieve victory in Asia before trying to achieve it in Europe
b. to destroy the German navy before invading Western Europe
c. to achieve victory in Europe before trying to achieve it in Asia
d. to open a second front in Western Europe in 1943
____ 100. What happened at Dunkirk in the spring of 1940?
a. The British waited for Germans to attack in the “Phony War.”
b. British forces successfully retreated across the English Channel.
c. France signed German surrender documents.
d. The Germans launched their invasion of Britain.
Answers
1. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 152
OBJ: 5.1.2 Outline how the Roman republic was structured and governed.
TOP: Roman government
2. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 175
OBJ: 5.5.2 Describe how waves of invaders contributed to the decline of the Roman empire.
TOP: decline of the Roman empire
3. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 164
OBJ: 5.3.3 Understand how the Romans applied science and mathematics for practical use.
TOP: Roman engineering
4. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 165
OBJ: 5.3.4 Explain how Rome’s legal codes protected everyone in the empire.
TOP: Roman law
5. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 169
OBJ: 5.4.2 Summarize the teachings of Jesus and how they were spread.
TOP: Christianity
6. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 170 | p. 174
OBJ: 5.4.3 Outline the development of the early Christian Church.
TOP: Christianity
7. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 186
OBJ: 6.1.1 Describe when and where people first settled the Americas.
TOP: human migration
8. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 192
OBJ: 6.1.3 Outline how the Aztec empire and Aztec society took shape.
TOP: Aztec civilization
9. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 193
OBJ: 6.1.3 Outline how the Aztec empire and Aztec society took shape.
TOP: Aztec civilization
10. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 197
OBJ: 6.2.2 Understand how Inca emperors extended and maintained their empire.
TOP: Inca civilization
11. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 204
OBJ: 6.3.3 Examine the cultures that developed in three very different geographic regions.
TOP: Inuit civilization
12. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 214
OBJ: 7.1.1 Describe Western Europe after the collapse of the western Roman empire.
STA: SS.912.W.2.9
13. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
REF: p. 215
OBJ: 7.1.3 Explain how Charlemagne briefly reunited much of Western Europe and what happened to his
empire after his death.
STA: SS.912.W.2.11
14. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 220
OBJ: 7.2.1 Explain how feudalism shaped medieval society.
STA: SS.912.W.2.10
TOP: feudalism
15. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 222
OBJ: 7.2.2 Describe the life of knights and nobles.
STA: SS.912.W.2.10
TOP: feudalism
16. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: pp. 222-223
OBJ: 7.2.3 Analyze how the economic system of the manor worked and how it affected peasants and nobles.
STA:
SS.912.W.2.10
TOP:
manor system
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: pp. 227-228
7.3.2 Understand monastic life and the influence of medieval monks and nuns.
SS.912.W.2.12
TOP: monastic life
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 233
7.4.1 Summarize how new technologies sparked an agricultural revolution.
SS.912.W.2.15
TOP: agricultural revolution
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 223
7.2.3 Analyze how the economic system of the manor worked and how it affected peasants and nobles.
STA:
SS.912.W.2.10
TOP:
manor system
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 228
OBJ: 7.3.3 Analyze how the power of the Church grew during the Middle Ages and how reformers worked
for change in the Church.
STA: SS.912.W.2.10
TOP: Church power
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 235
OBJ: 7.4.3 Analyze the rise of the middle class and the role of guilds.
STA: SS.912.W.2.15
TOP: middle class
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 244
OBJ: 8.1.1 Learn how monarchs gained power over nobles and the Church.
STA: SS.912.W.2.16
TOP: royal power
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 256
OBJ: 8.3.5 Identify important figures associated with the Crusades.
STA: SS.912.W.3.8
TOP: Important Crusades-era Figures
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 260
OBJ: 8.3.5 Identify important figures associated with the Crusades.
STA: SS.912.W.3.8
TOP: Spain
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 8.4.3 Describe the literature, architecture, and art of the High Middle Ages.
STA: SS.912.W.2.17
TOP: medieval literature
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 270
OBJ: 8.5.1 Understand how the Black Death caused social and economic decline.
STA: SS.912.W.2.14
TOP: the Black Death
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 264
OBJ: 8.4.2 Understand how newly translated writings from the past and from other regions influenced
medieval thought.
STA: SS.912.W.2.17
TOP: scholasticism
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: pp. 245-246
OBJ: 8.1.2 Describe how William the Conqueror and Henry II strengthened English royal power.
STA: SS.912.W.2.11
TOP: England
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 286
OBJ: 9.1.3 Analyze how Christianity in the Byzantine empire differed from Christianity in the West.
STA: SS.912.W.2.6
TOP: causes of the schism
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 289
OBJ: 9.2.1 Understand how geography influenced the rise of Russia.
TOP: geography of Russia
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 285
OBJ: 9.1.2 Summarize the ways in which the Byzantine empire flourished under Justinian.
STA: SS.912.W.2.5
TOP: Byzantine empire
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 290
OBJ: 9.2.1 Understand how geography influenced the rise of Russia.
17. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
TOP: geography of Russia
33. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 292
OBJ: 9.2.4 Describe how Moscow took the lead in Russia and how its rulers developed authoritarian control.
TOP:
Russia
34. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: pp. 283-285
OBJ: 9.1.8 Analyze the extent to which the Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the old Roman Empire
and in what ways it was a departure.
STA: SS.912.W.2.3
TOP: Byzantine Empire
35. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 306
OBJ: 10.1.2 Describe the teachings of Islam.
STA: SS.912.W.3.2
TOP: Islam
36. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 333
OBJ: 10.5.3 Explain how Abbas the Great strengthened the Safavid empire.
TOP: Safavid empire
37. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 305
OBJ: 10.1.1 Understand how Muhammad became the prophet of Islam.
STA: SS.912.W.3.1
TOP: Islam
38. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 312
OBJ: 10.2.3 Describe the rise of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
STA: SS.912.W.3.3
TOP: Umayyad dynasty
39. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 326
OBJ: 10.4.2 Explain why Muslim and Hindu traditions clashed and how they blended.
STA: SS.912.W.3.4
TOP: India under the Delhi sultanate
40. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 330
OBJ: 10.5.2 Describe the characteristics of Ottoman culture.
STA: SS.912.W.2.8
TOP: Ottoman empire
41. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 347
OBJ: 11.2.2 Describe how the rulers of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai built strong kingdoms.
STA: SS.912.W.3.9 | SS.912.W.3.10| SS.912.W.3.11| SS.912.W.3.12
TOP: Ghana
42. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
REF: p. 424
OBJ: 13.3.1 Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation.
STA: SS.912.W.4.7
43. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
REF: p. 424
OBJ: 13.3.1 Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation.
STA: SS.912.W.4.7
44. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 428
OBJ: 13.4.1 Describe the new ideas that Protestant sects embraced.
STA: SS.912.W.4.8
TOP: Protestant Reformation
45. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 429
OBJ: 13.4.2 Understand why England formed a new church.
STA: SS.912.W.4.8
TOP: Protestant Reformation
46. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 410
OBJ: 13.1.1 Describe the characteristics of the Renaissance and understand why it began in Italy.
STA: SS.912.W.4.2
TOP: Renaissance
47. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 420
OBJ: 13.2.2 Describe the themes that northern European artists, humanists, and writers explored.
STA: SS.912.W.4.4
TOP: humanism
48. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 435
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
ANS:
OBJ:
13.5.1 Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe.
SS.912.W.4.6
TOP: astronomy
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 428
13.4.1 Describe the new ideas that Protestant sects embraced.
SS.912.W.4.8
TOP: Protestant Reformation
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
REF: p. 430
13.4.3 Analyze how the Catholic Church reformed itself. STA: SS.912.W.4.9
Catholic Reformation
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: pp. 411-412
13.1.1 Describe the characteristics of the Renaissance and understand why it began in Italy.
SS.912.W.4.2
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 504
16.1.1 Describe the empire that Charles V inherited.
STA: SS.912.W.5.1
empire of Charles V
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
REF: p. 514
16.2.4 Identify Louis XIV's successes and failures.
STA: SS.912.W.5.1
France under Louis XIV
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 535
16.5.3 Describe how Catherine the Great strengthened Russia.
SS.912.W.5.1
TOP: Russia under Catherine the Great
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 511
16.2.2 Explain how Louis XIV became an absolute monarch.
SS.912.W.5.1
TOP: France under Louis XIV
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 532
16.5.2 Identify the steps Peter took to expand Russia's borders.
SS.912.W.5.1
TOP: Russia under Peter the Great
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 551
17.2.1 Identify the roles that censorship and salons played in the spread of new ideas.
SS.912.W.5.4
TOP: censorship
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 563
17.3.4 Analyze how the new Constitution reflected the ideas of the Enlightenment.
SS.912.W.5.5
TOP: Constitution
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 544
17.1.1 Explain how science led to the Enlightenment.
STA: SS.912.W.5.2
Enlightenment
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 546
17.1.3 Identify the beliefs and contributions of the philosophes.
SS.912.W.5.4
TOP: philosophes
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 557
17.3.1 Describe characteristics of Britain and the 13 English colonies in the mid-1700s.
SS.912.W.4.13
TOP: colonies
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 559
17.3.2 Outline the events that led to the American Revolution.
American Revolution
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 561
17.3.3 Summarize the events and significance of the American Revolution.
American Revolution
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 577
18.1.3 Explain why Louis XVI called the Estates-General and summarize what resulted.
STA:
65. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
66. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
67. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
68. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
69. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
70. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
71. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
72. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
73. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
74. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
75. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
76. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
77. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
78. ANS:
OBJ:
79. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
80. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
81. ANS:
SS.912.W.5.6
TOP: Estates-General
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 579
18.2.2 Summarize the moderate reforms enacted by the National Assembly in August 1789.
SS.912.W.5.6
TOP: French reforms
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 573
18.1.1 Describe the social divisions of France’s old order.
SS.912.W.5.6
TOP: French society
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 574
18.1.1 Describe the social divisions of France’s old order.
SS.912.W.5.6
TOP: French society
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 580
18.2.2 Summarize the moderate reforms enacted by the National Assembly in August 1789.
SS.912.W.5.6
TOP: French reforms
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 581
18.2.3 Identify additional actions taken by the National Assembly as it pressed onward.
SS.912.W.5.6
TOP: French reforms
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 587
18.3.2 Explain why the Committee of Public Safety was created and why the Reign of Terror resulted.
SS.912.W.5.6
TOP: Reign of Terror
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 608
19.1.1 Analyze why life changed as industry spread.
STA: SS.912.W.6.1
Industrial Revolution
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 618
19.3.2 Compare and contrast the industrial working class and the new middle class.
SS.912.W.6.2
TOP: social class
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 613
19.2.1 Understand why Britain was the starting point for the Industrial Revolution.
SS.912.W.6.1
TOP: Industrial Revolution
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 615
19.2.3 Explain the significance of the transportation revolution.
transportation revolution
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 625
19.4.3 Summarize the theories of socialism.
STA: SS.912.W.6.3
socialism
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 663
21.1.2 Describe the impact of new technology on industry, transportation, and communication.
SS.912.W.6.1
TOP: technology
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 667
21.2.1 Summarize the impact of medical advances in the late 1800s.
medicine
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 680
21.3.3 Learn how science challenged existing beliefs.
TOP: science
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 662
21.1.2 Describe the impact of new technology on industry, transportation, and communication.
SS.912.W.6.1
TOP: industrialization
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
REF: p. 668
21.2.1 Summarize the impact of medical advances in the late 1800s.
medicine
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 676
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
OBJ: 21.3.2 Understand how women and educators sought change.
STA: SS.912.W.6.4
TOP: reform
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 774
OBJ: 24.5.1 Describe what trade rights Westerners sought in China.
STA: SS.912.W.6.7
TOP: trade in China
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: pp. 818-819
OBJ: 26.1.1 Describe how international rivalries and nationalism pushed Europe toward war.
STA: SS.912.W.7.1
TOP: causes of war
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: pp. 820-821
OBJ: 26.1.3 Analyze the causes and effects of the European alliance system.
STA: SS.912.W.7.1
TOP: alliances
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 832
OBJ: 26.3.3 Analyze the causes and effects of American entry into the war.
STA: SS.912.W.7.2
TOP: U.S. in World War I
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: pp. 836-837
OBJ: 26.4.3 Explain why many people were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles and other peace
settlements.
STA: SS.912.W.7.3
TOP: Treaty of Versailles
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 816
OBJ: 26.1.3 Analyze the causes and effects of the European alliance system.
STA: SS.912.W.7.1
TOP: alliances
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 820
OBJ: 26.1.2 Explain how the assassination in Sarajevo led to the start of World War I.
STA: SS.912.W.7.1
TOP: Pan-Slavism
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 825
OBJ: 26.2.2 Describe how technology made World War I different from earlier wars.
STA: SS.912.W.7.2
TOP: naval power
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: pp. 901-902
OBJ: 28.3.3 Understand the values and goals of fascist ideology.
STA: SS.912.W.7.5
TOP: fascism
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 913
OBJ: 28.5.1 Analyze the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
STA: SS.912.W.7.4
TOP: Weimar Republic
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 894
OBJ: 28.2.2 Compare the postwar economic situations in Britain, France, and the United States.
TOP: U.S. economy
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 902
OBJ: 28.3.2 Summarize how Mussolini changed Italy.
STA: SS.912.W.7.5
TOP: Italian fascism
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 933
OBJ: 29.2.2 Summarize Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union.
STA: SS.912.W.7.7
TOP: German aggression
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 936
OBJ: 28.5.2 Describe the Nazi party's political, social, economic, and cultural policies.
STA: SS.912.W.7.5 | SS.912.W.7.8
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 927
OBJ: 29.2.1 Describe how the Axis powers came to control much of Europe, but failed to conquer Britain.
STA: SS.912.W.7.7
TOP: German aggression
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: pp. 927-928
OBJ: 29.1.3 Summarize the ways in which continuing Nazi aggression led Europe to war.
STA:
98. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
99. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
100. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
SS.912.W.7.7
TOP: German aggression
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 930
29.2.1 Describe how the Axis powers came to control much of Europe, but failed to conquer Britain.
SS.912.W.7.7
TOP: German aggression
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 942
29.3.2 Explain how Allied victories began to push back the Axis powers.
SS.912.W.7.7
TOP: Allied war strategy
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 931
29.2.1 Describe how the Axis powers came to control much of Europe, but failed to conquer Britain.
SS.912.W.7.7
TOP: Dunkirk