Download Bibliography Guide

Bibliography Guide
General Information for MLA (Modern Language Association) Format
1. For each source listed, begin the first line of the bibliography at the margin
and indent each line that follows (opposite of a paragraph).
2. Follow punctuation of the examples exactly.
3. If you cannot find some information, such as the author or place of
publication, just leave it out.
For a BOOK (Print copy):
1. Author OR editor, last name first. If more than one author, list in order as
appears on the title page. For more than four authors, list first author followed
by et. al. Indicate an editor by adding ed. after the name.
2. Title of the book. (underlined).
3. City of publication: (list city and state for lesser known cities).
4. Publisher, date of publication.
Examples:
Dersin, Denise, ed. What Life Was Like When Rome Ruled the World.
Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1997.
Gallagher, Gary W., et. al. The American Civil War: The Mighty Scourge of
War. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2003
Gardner, Robert and David Webster. Science Project Ideas About Animal
Behavior. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 1997.
Paulson, Timothy J. Life in the Thirteen Colonies: New York. New York:
Children’s Press, 2004.
For an ARTICLE OR CHAPTER IN A BOOK (Print copy):
1. Author, last name first of article or chapter. If more than one author, list in
order as appears on the title page. For more than four authors, list first author
followed by et. al.
2. “Title of article.” in quotation marks.
3. Title of the book. (underlined).
4. Author OR editor of book, first name, last name. (Omit if same as #1 above)
5. City of publication: (list city and state for lesser known cities).
6. Publisher, date of publication.
Examples:
Green, Carl R. and William R. Sanford. “George B. McClellan.” Union
Generals of the Civil War. Springfield, NJ: Enslow, 1998.
Skoble, Aeon J. “Virtue Ethics and TV’s Seinfeld.” Seinfeld and Philosoophy.
William Irwin, ed. Chicago: Open Court, 2000.
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For an article from a GENERAL PRINT ENCYCLOPEDIA (include elements 1 ,2, 3,
& 7) (Print copy):
For an article from OTHER REFERENCE SOURCES or SUBJECT SPECIFIC
ENCYCLOPEDIAS (provide full publication information, include elements 1 through
7) (Print copy):
1. Author OR editor of article or volume, last name first (if available).
2. “Title of article.” in quotation marks.
3. Full title of the encyclopedia or reference source. (underlined).
4. Vol. #.
5. City of publication: (list city and state for lesser known cities).
6. Publisher, date of publication.
7. Date of edition. (if available).
Examples for GENERAL PRINT Encyclopedias:
“Pennsylvania.” Compton’s. 2010 ed.
Wolfson, Richard. “Electricity.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 2011 ed.
Examples for SUBJECT SPECIFIC resources:
Breuilly, Elizabeth, et. al. “Islam.” Religions of the World. New York:
Facts on File, 1997.
Grimbly, Shona. “Greece.” Ancient Civilizations. Vol. 4. Danbury, CT:
Grolier, 2000.
Weatherly, Myra. “The New Jersey Colony.” Our 13 Colonies.
Chanhassen, MN: Child’s World, 2004.
For an ARTICLE FROM A PERIODICAL (Print copy of magazine or newspaper):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Author, last name first (if available).
“Title of the article.” in quotation marks.
Periodical title. (underlined).
Date of magazine: page numbers. (abbreviate month).
Examples:
Krome, Paul. “One Decade, One Sport.” Lacrosse Magazine. Jan. 2008:
34-36.
Larson, Edward J. “The Revolution of 1800.” American History. Dec.
2007: 26-30.
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For an article from an ONLINE DATABASE, including Student Resource Center,
NetTrekker, encyclopedias, and electronic books:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Author OR editor, last name first (if available).
“Title of the article.” in quotation marks.
Database. Name of database, underlined, e.g., SRC, Nettrekker, E-Book.
Full title of the encyclopedia, periodical, book, or homepage. (underlined).
Vol. #., if given.
City of publication: (list city and state for lesser known cities).
Name of publisher, date of publication, if available.
Date you accessed the source.
<electronic address> in brackets. List address up to extension only.
Examples:
“Fermi, Enrico.” E-Book. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography.
Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008. 27 June 2008.
<http:go.galegroup.com>.
“How Romans Built Roads.” Nettrekker. Latin 3. Kentucky Educational
Television, 2008. 1 July 2008. <http://www.dl.ket.org>.
McCoubrey, Arthur O. “Metric System.” Grolier Multimedia
Encylopedia. Grolier Online, 2008. 30 June 2008.
<http://gme.grolier.com>.
“Women’s Roles during the Civil War, 1861-1865.” SRC. DISCovering
U.S. History. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 1 July 2008.
<http://find.galegroup.com>.
For an article from the WORLD WIDE WEB (general Internet search, PREPARE AN
EVALUATION) Wikipedia is not an authoritative resource:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Author. last name first, if available.
“Title of the article.” in quotation marks.
Title of the homepage (underlined).
City of publisher: name of publisher, date of latest update or publication date.
Date you accessed the site
<Full http address> in brackets.
Examples:
“Daily Life: Women’s Life.” The Ancient Greek World. Philadelphia: UPenn
Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2002. 20 June 2008.
<http://www.musuem.upenn.edu/Greek_World/Index.html>.
Vermaas, Wim. “An Introduction to Photosynthesis and Its Applications.” The
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis. Tempe, AZ: Arizona State
University, June 2007. 1 July 2008.
<http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html>.
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For IMAGES:
1. Artist or photographer, last name first (if available).
2. Title of Artwork. (underlined).
3. Location where artwork can be found, Museum, city, state or country.
AND/OR
Full title of Homepage or Database. (underlined).
4. Name of publisher, and date of publication or last update.
5. Date you accessed the source
6. <electronic address> in brackets.
Examples:
Database:
Gogh, Vincent Van. Sunflowers. Neue Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.
Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008.
27 May 2008. <http://school.eb.com>.
Website:
Gogh, Vincent Van. Sunflowers. Google Images. Google, 2008.
27 May 2008. <http://images.google.com>.
Note: There is no need to cite Clip Art
For a PERSONAL INTERVIEW:
1. Name of person interviewed.
2. Kind of interview. (personal, telephone).
3. Date.
Example:
Chrobak, Alice. Personal Interview. 22 July, 2007.
For a VIDEO/DVD:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Title. (underlined).
Director if given.
Writers or performers.
Year of publication.
Format.
Distributor of video if given, and year.
Example:
Julius Caesar. Dir. Joseph Mankiewicz. Writ. William Shakespeare.
Perf. Marland Brando, James Mason, John Gielgud,
Louis Calhern, Edmond O’Brien, Deer Garson, and
Deborah Kerr. 1953. Videocassette. Turner, 2000.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND NOTE CARD FORMATS
STEPS FOR WRITING NOTE CARDS:
1. Make a bibliography (source) card for each source first.
2. Label each note card with its corresponding source number.
3. Put a heading on each note card; this heading should identify the card’s main idea.
Note: The topic of your research itself is not a sufficient heading; each heading should
identify the key details you will gather to support your purpose for researching.
4. List details for only one main idea on each note card. USE SHORT PHRASES with
bullets.
5. Put the page number(s), for those sources that have them, in the bottom right hand
corner. This is very important as you may be asked to provide in-text citations, or
identify in the text where you obtained your information. (see guidelines for citing
information in the text)
BIBLIOGRAPHIC FORMAT
NOTE CARD FORMAT
(Source Card)
Print
Print
1
(Heading)
Bruns, Roger. Jesse James
Legendary Outlaw. Springfield,
NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1998.
Bullets→
Background Information
1
Birth: Sept. 5, 1847
Where: Clay County, Mo.
Parents: Robt. James & Zerelda
Named: James Woodson James
•
•
•
•
p. 4
Electronic
Electronic
2
“Outlaws: Jesse James.”
FrontierTimes. 18 May 2005
<http://www.Frontiertimes.com/
outlaws/jesse.html>.
(Heading)
Death
•
•
Bullets→
•
5
2
Shot in head
• by Robt. Ford (gang member)
At home
• Standing on stool straightening picture
Died same day – 4/3/1882
Guidelines for Citing Information in the Text
When you find good material to use in a paper, you have two choices: summarize the ideas in
your own words OR quote the exact words of the author. However, when writing a research
report or essay, you will often incorporate into your paper specific information that will be used
to support your main points. This skill is important to learn, as you will be required to provide
citations in the text on much of your work in the Upper School and in college.
You must not only list the sources that you used on a Works Cited page, but it is also your
responsibility to identify within your text or paper each source that you used. This will insure that
you have given credit to the person who originally gathered and wrote the information.
What to cite in the text:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Direct quotes
Numbers or statistics
References to a person’s opinion or position on a topic
Dates
How to cite in the text:
An example of a SUMMARY with the author’s name provided in text:
In Julius Caesar, Tingay identifies Caesar’s actions during Mithridate’s attempted
invasion of the Asian province in 75 BC as just one indicator of young Caesar’s selfconfidence and boldness.
An example of a QUOTATION with the author’s name provided in the text:
According to Tingay, Caesar’s actions during Mithridate’s attempted invasion of the
Asian province in 75 BC provides “.. remarkable evidence of Caesar’s incredible
boldness and self-confidence ..” (13).
An example of a QUOTATION without the author’s name in the text:
“It is remarkable evidence of Caesar’s incredible boldness and self-confidence” (Tingay
13).
When a work has no author, cite the title. Use quotation marks around the title of an
article or chapter, and underline the title of a periodical, book, brochure, or internet site.
Example: (“Caesar” 36): encyclopedia article without an author.
(Julius Caesar Home Page): internet site without an author.
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Works Cited
“The Entertainer.” Bill Cosby.com. Avery Ennis, LLC, 2007. 30 May 2008.
<http://www.billcosby.com>.
Haskins, Jim. Bill Cosby, America’s Most Famous Father. New York: Walker and
Company, 1988.
King, Jason. “Cosby, Bill.” Oxford African American Studies Center. African American
National Biography. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, eds.
Oxford University Press, 2006-2008. 2 June 2008. <http://www.oxfordaasc.com>.
Robinowitz, Joe. “Bill Cosby.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2007 ed.
Woods, Harold and Geraldine Woods. Bill Cosby, Making America Laugh and Learn.
Minneapolis: Dillon Press Inc., 1983.
Points to Remember:
1. Using the bibliography key, double-check your sources for the correct
format.
2. Alphabetize all sources by author or title. Do not number or bullet sources.
3. Double space between two sources but not within each source.
4. Indent the second and third lines five spaces.
Created by Kim Eddinger RSS
and Maryann Wegloski, Librarian
Gilman School, Middle School
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