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Name_____________________________________________ Date__________________ Period 1 2 3 4 Rock Cycle, Weathering, Erosion, Deposition and Soil Study Guide (Please use complete sentences when necessary) S6E5. c. Classify rocks by their process of formation. d. Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth. f. Explain the effects of physical processes (erosion, deposition, gravity, etc.) on geological features. h. Describe soil as consisting of weathered rocks and decomposed organic material. i. Explain the effects of human activity on the erosion of the earth’s surface. j. Describe methods for conserving natural resources (soil). 1. Describe the main steps of the rock cycle (what happens?): a. Weathering ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ b. Erosion _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ c. Deposition ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is sediment (or give 3 examples), and how does sediment form? ________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe the two types of weathering: a. Chemical Weathering _____________________________________________________________ b. Mechanical (physical) Weathering __________________________________________________ 4. Describe the following weathering words, then write if each is chemical or mechanical weathering. a. Abrasion ~ ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ b. Rusting (of iron) ~ _______________________________________________________________ c. Gravity ~ _______________________________________________________________________ d. Ice wedging ~ ___________________________________________________________________ e. Acid rain ~ ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What is soil (what is it made of), and how does it form? _____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Identify soil as renewable or nonrenewable. List 3 ways farmers can conserve soil. ______________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Identify and describe (the composition) soil layers (horizons): ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How does weathering, erosion, and deposition help shape the land (give examples)? ____________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Ice, wind, water, gravity, plants, and animals are all agents of __________________________ 10. If you drop a sugar cube into a glass of water, the sugar cube will dissolve after a few minutes. This process is an example of ________________ 11. The term for the arrangement of soil particles is __________________ 12. If you increase the surface area of a rock, how will it affect the rate at which it weathers? _____________________________________________________________________________ 13. The proportion of different-sized particles in soil determines the soil’s _________________ 14. The removal of substances that can be dissolved from rock or layers of soil due to the passing of water is called________________ 15. What is it called when wind blows sand and silt against exposed rock, eventually wearing away the rock’s surface? _____________________ 16. When oxygen in the air reacts with iron, the result is ____________________ 17. Mechanical weathering occurs at a greater rate in climates that are ___________________ 18. What are the three benefits provided by soil? ________________________________________ 19. Explain the soil conservation techniques that help prevent soil erosion and soil damage? a. contour plowing ~ _________________________________________________________ b. terracing ~ ________________________________________________________________ c. no-till farming ~ ___________________________________________________________ d. cover crop ~ ______________________________________________________________ e. crop rotation ~ ____________________________________________________________ 20. What soil conservation technique prevents erosion by providing cover that reduces water runoff? ___________________________ 21. What soil conservation technique helps restore nutrients to the soil? ____________________ 22. Which soil conservation technique helps prevent erosion of sloping hills by heavy rains? ______________________ Know the definitions of these vocabulary words:(add a short definition / explanation under each term) a. abrasion b. bedrock c. soil conservation d.humus e. acid precipitation f. erosion