Download Final Exam Review Questions (Study Guide)

BIOLOGY Test 1 Study questions
1. What is the population density of 500 people that live in a town of 10 square miles?
Population density = number of individuals / area
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What are the three different types of dispersion patterns seen in populations?
What is biodiversity, and why is it important?
What are the 3 levels of biodiversity and explain them?
What formula is used for the simplified diversity index, what do numbers closer to 1 represent,
and what do smaller numbers represent?
6. How can you explain genetic diversity among humans?
7. List examples of density dependent and density independent factors:
8. This is the demographic transition model (DTM) understand how to read it and what the different
stages are:
9. What is the formula for determining population growth rate? Understand how it is effected by
increases and decreases in immigration/emigration & birth/death.
10. What is a carrying capacity and how is it shown on a graph?
11. Be able to pick out the dependent, independent variables, and the constants if given an
experiment example.
12. Know the difference between biotic and abiotic factors – be able to provide an example of each.
13. What does a logistic growth curve look like and what does it tell us?
14. What does an exponential growth curve look like and what does it illustrate on a graph?
15. What is the difference between a community, ecosystem, population, species, and biosphere.
16. Describe a species niche.
17. What is a biome?
18. Match the stages in the demographic transition model to the appropriate population pyramid
shape.
19. What is needed to complete the drawing of a graph? Where do you label the variables on a graph?
(see notebook p. 9)
20. What is commensalism, mutualism, parasitism, and symbiosis?
21. What is population sampling?
22. What is the value of biodiversity? What is aesthetic and moral value and how is it compared to
utilitarian value?
23. What is the difference between niche, habitat, and ecosystem?
24. What is the difference between design criteria and constraints?
25. What must be included with a reasoning to support a claim in a scientific lab write-up?
BIOLOGY Test 2 Study questions
1. ________________________________ is the gradual and sequential change in species
composition of a community over time.
2. Name the 2 types of succession. _____________________________________________
3. __________________________________ occurs in a lifeless area, with no soil, where no
community existed before.
4. __________________________________ occurs after the disturbance of an existing community;
rebuilding on existing soil.
5. During ecological succession, ______ -selected species are the first to arrive, are large in numbers
and poor competitors.
6. Give an example of a pioneer species. ______________________________________
7. ___-selected species arrive later and replace pioneer species.
8. Last successional community or biome, is known as the ______________________ community.
9. Name 3 differences between r-selected species and K-selected species.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. _______________________ is an event by a biotic or abiotic factor that changes the population
size or community composition.
11. How easily is the ecosystem disturbed is known as _______________________.
12. How quickly the ecosystem is able to return to its original state after a disturbance is known as
_________________________.
13. Give an example of a localized disturbance. ______________________________________
14. Give an example of a severe disturbance. _________________________________________
15. Give an example of a regular re-occurring disturbance. ______________________________
16. ____________________ change is a high intensity disturbance that effects ecosystems gradually.
17. An ecological community that has reached equilibrium is known as a ____________ community.
18. List the 4 factors that are most important in affecting ecosystem stability.
______________________________________________________________________________
19. ______________________ is when a species moves in or out of an environment.
20. When an entire species dies off this is called _________________________.
21. When one species evolves into 2 species, this is called ___________________________.
22. A species, such as an otter, that has a large effect on its ecosystem regardless of its population
size is known as a ________________________ species.
23. According to the pika lab, which 2 factors influence pika density the most?
____________________________________________________________________________
24. What do can scatter plots tell us about non-linear data? What does a positive relationship look
like? What does a negative relationship look like?
25. In a high magnitude disturbance, the conditions cannot be reversed and the ____-selected species
are eliminated.
26. Are all ecological disturbances bad? Why or why not? _________________________________
27. Ecosystem __________________ are processes by which the environment produces resources.
28. Products obtained from ecosystems such as food and raw materials are known as
__________________ services.
29. Control of climate and disease, such as purifying water and air are known as
___________________ services.
30. Necessary for the production of all other ecosystems, such as pollination are known as
___________________________ services.
31. Spiritual and recreational benefits such as using nature in books, film, and painting are known as
____________________ services.
32. The human population is growing at an _______________________ rate due to better sanitation,
medicine, and nutrition.
33. _____________________________ changes are changes caused by humans.
34. Fill in:
H______________________
I_______________________
P_______________________
P_______________________
O_______________________
C_______________________
35. Habitats converted for other uses such as houses or roads is known as _________________.
36. Habitat destruction in which habitats are separated into patches or islands is known as
________________________.
37. An ___________________________ species is an accidental or intentional introduction
of a foreign species into an area where it is not native.
38. ____________________ growth is the central cause of the environmental crisis.
39. _____________________ occurs when small amounts of pollutants become concentrated in
organisms near the top of the food chain.
40. List 3 examples of overexploitation. _______________________________________________
41. Name 3 types of natural types of climate change. _____________________________________
42. Name 3 types of Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change
______________________________________________________________________________
43. Compare and contrast the effects climate change and overpopulation can have on an ecosystem.
44. Compare and contrast natural and anthropogenic changes to an ecosystem, as they relate to global
warming.
45. The loss of ______________________ can reduce ecosystem services, can cause species to lose
genetic variation, and can cause extinction.
46. The name of the process when two species arise from one is called __________________.
47. ______________________ occurs when more that 50% of species disappear from the planet in a
short period of time.
48. ___________________________ is the most common cause to the extinction of a species.
49. Hybridization is the mixing of __________________of different species.
50. ________________________ is living off the earth’s natural resources without depleting or
degrading ecological services.
51. Scientists suspect that temperatures are increasing on this planet because increasing
_____________________________ in the atmosphere is trapping more heat.
52. Discuss 3 solutions to the environmental and biodiversity crisis.
53. Warming of the Earth due to gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, that trap
the heat that should escape into the atmosphere is known as the __________________________.
54. Educating women and reducing poverty will help to ______________ population growth
worldwide.
55. Stocking ____________ banks , freezing plant cuttings, stocking seeds, and freezing animal
sperm and eggs can all help to sustain species.
BIOLOGY Test 3 Study questions
1. Organisms are composed of _______________, which is anything that takes up space and
has mass.
2. An ___________________ is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom.
3. The 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom are _____________________________.
4. Electrons in the outer most shell are known as ______________________ electrons.
5. What is the subatomic particle with no charge? _____________________
6. What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? _____________________
7. The subatomic particle that identifies the atom and has a positive charge is ___________.
8. Atoms that lose or gain electrons are known as ____________________.
9. Atoms that have extra neutrons are known as _______________________.
10. _________________ bonds form when two atoms share one or more valence electrons.
11. The process of breaking and/or forming chemical bonds is known as _______________.
12. The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be __________________ or
_________________________.
13. Does the following equation follow the law of conservation of mass? Why or why not?
2H2 + O2  2H2O ____________________________________________________
14. In the equation above, what are the products and what are the reactants?_______________
15. Polymers are made up of smaller building blocks called ______________________.
16. Water is both a compound and a __________________.
17. How many valence electrons does carbon have? ___________
18. Give an example of an inorganic compound. ____________________________
19. What element makes a compound organic? ____________________
20. Linking monomers to form a polymer occurs through a process known as
______________________________.
21. Breaking of polymers into monomers for digestion is known as ____________________.
22. When ingested by organisms, the atoms of __________________ provide most of the
atoms that make up the other three organic macromolecules.
23. Diagram glucose. (hint: it is ring shaped – gumdrop lab)
24. Many carbohydrates are polymers and the subunits are ___________________________.
25. Give an example of a monosaccharide. _________________________
26. Give an example of a disaccharide. _________________________
27. Give an example of a polysaccharide. _________________________
28. The subunits for lipids are ______________________________.
29. The function of lipids is to ___________________________.
30. ___________________ and _____________________ are the two types of steroids.
31. Give an example of how lipids can be used for water proofing. ____________________
32. ___________________ fatty acids contain at least one pair of double bonds.
33. Diagram a lipid and circle the carboxyl group.
34. What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate? ___________________
35. What is the ration of carbon to oxygen in a carbohydrate? ____________________
36. What are the two types of nucleic acids? ______________________________________
37. Nucleic acids store _____________________ information.
38. The subunits for nucleic acids are called __________________________.
39. The atoms that make up nucleic acids are ______________________________.
40. Diagram a nucleotide and label the 3 parts.
41. Genetic information in ______________________ is passed from parent to offspring.
42. RNA directs the assembly of __________________.
43. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the body would occur to _______________ to
support life processes.
44. __________________made of Amino Acid subunits linked in long chains.
45. An ______________________ is a special kind of protein that speeds up chemical reactions
without being consumed or using energy.
46. What are the atoms (elements from the periodic table) that make up proteins? _________
47. What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide? ______________
48. Diagram the enzyme “lock and key” model and label the substrate, reaction site, and the
enzyme.
49. If the temperature or pH of the enzyme is out of the optimal range, the enzyme structure
begins to break down or ____________________.
50. Name 2 factors that affect the action of enzymes. _______________________________
51. Name 3 function of proteins. _______________________________________________
52. Name of the organelle that contains DNA and controls cell activities. _______________
53. Name of organelle that is shaped like a football and converts food into energy. ________
54. Name of organelle that is like the cell’s highway because it allows for movement of
material through the cell. __________________________
55. Name the organelle that takes in and changes or modifies proteins. _________________
56. Name the organelle that breaks down waste. __________________
57. The “jelly like” material in the cell is known as _____________________.
58. The fine threads in the cell that moves the organelles around. ______________________
59. Organelle that contains sacs of material from the cell membrane, ER, and Golgi is known as
_________________________.
60. Organelle found only in plants, where photosynthesis takes place. __________________
61. This tiny organelle is a like a little machine. It is the site of protein synthesis. ________
62. This organelle is constantly in motion, is made of phospholipids, and encloses the entire
cell. _______________
63. The cell membrane is _____________________ permeable which means some things can
and some cannot get through.
64. In the cell membrane, ______________ act like pores, channels, pumps and carriers.
65. In the cell membrane, _________________ act as“antenna” embedded in membrane and
allows cells to communicate.
66. Cells maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes.
This is known as _________________________.
67. What is facilitated diffusion? _____________________________________________
68. Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
This is known as ______________________.
69. ________________________ occurs when water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane.
70. Water always moves in the direction of _______ solute.
71. Active transport requires _______________________.
72. Active transport goes against the ___________________________.
73. The process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane is known as
__________________.
74. ________________________ occurs when some molecules are too large to enter the cell
through carrier proteins and the cell membrane pinches in and creates a vesicle enclosing
macromolecules and large particles.
75. ______________________ occurs when the cell membrane vesicle fuses with cell
membrane and releases material outside the cell.
76. Diagram Endocytosis and Exocytosis.
77. Match the description with the osmotic condition:
A. Isotonic
_____ solution with a lower solute concentration
_____ solution in which the solute concentration is the same
B. Hypertonic
_____ red blood cell shrivels up
_____ condition that animal cells require
C. Hypotonic
_____ red blood cell bursts
_____ plant cell loses pressure (wilts)
_____ solution with a higher solute concentration
_____ plant cell with good pressure
_____ solution with a high water concentration
BIOLOGY photosynthesis/cell respiration/ecology Study questions
1. What provides energy for the earth?
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Where does a plant get its mass as they grow from seed to adult plant?
What are the three types of ecological pyramids and what do they illustrate?
How much energy is transferred up from each level of an energy pyramid through the food chain?
What is the 10% rule?
What part of ecological pyramids have the most energy, the most mass, and the most numbers?
What is an autotroph and give an example?
What is a heterotroph and give an example?
Give examples of producers, omnivores, and carnivores.
What is chloroplast, and what important set of chemical reactions occur in it?
Be able to identify a thylakoid, a grana, stroma, thylakoid membrane, site of calvin cycle, and the
site of light reactions on a diagram.
What are the light reactions, where do they occur, what do they produce, and what do they use?
What are the dark reactions, where do they occur, what do they produce and what do they use?
What is a photosynthetic pigment? Where are they found? Give some examples. Know what
spectra of light they absorb and reflect.
Be able to calculate an Rf value if the solvent front and sluote front measurements are given (hint:
look at your pigment lab)
Why do leaves change color in the fall?
What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis (rate-limiting factors)? Know how changes in
anyone of them will affect photosynthesis.
What happens to proteins when they are heated too much?
18.
19. What gas is responsible for making dough rise?
20. Autotrophic organisms convert energy from the sun into the bonds of glucose but
heterotrophic organisms convert energy from glucose into ___________________.
21. What does the following equation represent and name the reactants and products.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy
22. When an organism is temporarily deprived of oxygen, it obtains energy from
____________.
23. What organelle is known for breaking down glucose and what does it look like?
24. The first stage of cell respiration is___________, and the products of this process
are_________________.
25. If oxygen is available what molecule enters the mitochondria to start aerobic respiration?
26. What is made during the kreb’s cycle, and what is carried over to the inner mitochondrial
membrane to begin the electron transport chain?
27. What happens to electrons in the electron transport chain?
28. Why is ATP so important?
29. Be able to read and identify relationships between energy and matter transfer in a food
web and a food chain.
30. How do humans effect the carbon cycle?
31. Name some carbon sinks and carbon sources.
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